固态硬盘 (SSD)

SSD 容量越大寿命越久
SSD 不需要 defragment
fstrim 可能增加寿命

ssd spec	SATA SSD	M.2 SATA	M.2 PCIe/NVMe
interface	SATA	M.2/SATA	M.2/PCIe
feature	取代 HDD	更轻薄	更快
write	560 MB/s	560 MB/s	3400 MB/s
read	510 MB/s	510 MB/s	3400 MB/s

寿命

abbr.	stand for	cn
TBW	TotalBytes Written	总写入量
TBW	TB Written
DWPD	Drive Write Per Day	每日写入量
MTBF	Mean time between failures	平均故障间隔时间
WAF	Write Amplification Factor	写放大因子
P/E	Program / Erase
RBER	Raw Bit Error Rate	原始位错误率

TBW = SSD Capacity * NAND P/E Cycles / WAF * 1024
- 不考虑 WAF - 如果 100G, PE = 3000 则 TBW=300T
- 预留 15% TBW - 低于该数值应该考虑更换
DWPD = TBW * 1024 / SSD Capacity * 保固期限
MTBF = 1/失效率
WAF
- 例如 8k page, 写 512 byte 则 WAF = 8K/512=16
- 个人通常 2-4，企业通常 10
- 随机写引发的 GC 和移动
NAND P/E Cycles
- MLC 128GB SSD, NAND P/E cycles = 3000
JESD219A Solid-State Drive
- TWB 计算标准

常见问题

RAPID Mode - Realtime Accelerated Processing of I/O Data
- 三星 EVO 专利技术
SRT - Smart Response Technology
- Intel 技术 - 使用 SSD 加速 HDD
Samsung 850 PRO > Samsung 850 EVO > Samsung 850
fast write-back cache
- SSD 的写入缓存，当写入量超过时可能会变得很慢

监控

三星 (Samsung)

三星
- Total_LBAs_Written
  - value*512=总写入
- 总写入/Power_On_Hours=平均每小时写入速率
- Wear_Leveling_Count

text

SMART/Health Information (NVMe Log 0x02)
Critical Warning:                   0x00
Temperature:                        50 Celsius
Available Spare:                    100%
Available Spare Threshold:          5%
Percentage Used:                    0%
Data Units Read:                    1,493,974 [764 GB]
Data Units Written:                 1,670,589 [855 GB]
Host Read Commands:                 12,129,225
Host Write Commands:                7,321,092
Controller Busy Time:               22
Power Cycles:                       69
Power On Hours:                     7
Unsafe Shutdowns:                   45
Media and Data Integrity Errors:    0
Error Information Log Entries:      2
Warning  Comp. Temperature Time:    0
Critical Comp. Temperature Time:    0
Thermal Temp. 1 Transition Count:   1
Thermal Temp. 1 Total Time:         22

askubuntu.com/a/865793/267103

英特尔 (Intel)

Host_Writes_32MIB
Media_Wearout_Indicator
- 健康度，100 -> 001
- MWI
- 过低时过保

寿命

常见问题

监控

三星 (Samsung)

英特尔 (Intel)

关联信息

参考资料