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macOS FHS

man hier

tree -dlL 2 /Volumes
linuxmacos
/boot/System/Library/Kernels
/home/Users
/root/var/root
/etc/private/etc
  • /etc/auto_master
    • automount
srcsym link
/etc/private/etc
/tmp/private/tmp
/var/private/var
/home/System/Volumes/Data/home

macOS​

  • /Applications
    • Utilities/ - managing the local system
    • Developer/
  • /Library
    • Desktop Pictures/ - 桌面
  • /Network/
  • /Volumes/
  • /System/
    • Applications/
      • Utilities/
    • Library/
      • Sounds/ - aiff 格式
    • Developer/
    • DriverKit/
      • Runtime/
      • System/
      • usr/
    • Volumes/
      • BaseSystem/
      • Data/
      • Hardware/
      • Preboot/
      • Update/
      • Recovery/
      • VM/
        • swapfile
    • iOSSupport/
  • /Users/
    • Shared/ - 本地用户共享
    • $USER/
      • Applications/
      • Desktop/
      • Documents/
      • Downloads/
      • Library/ - macOS 10.7+ 隐藏
      • Movies/
      • Music/
      • Pictures/
      • Public/ - 共享
      • Sites/

System/Applications​

  • App Store
  • Automator
  • Books
  • Calculator
  • Calendar
  • Chess
  • Contacts
  • Dictionary
  • FaceTime
  • FindMy
  • Font Book
  • Home
  • Image Capture
  • Launchpad
  • Mail
  • Maps
  • Messages
  • Mission Control
  • Music
  • News
  • Notes
  • Photo Booth
  • Photos
  • Podcasts
  • Preview
  • QuickTime Player
  • Reminders
  • Shortcuts
  • Siri
  • Stickies
  • Stocks
  • System Preferences
  • TV
  • TextEdit
  • Time Machine
  • VoiceMemos

System/Applications/Utilities​

  • Activity Monitor
  • AirPort Utility
  • Audio MIDI Setup
  • Bluetooth File Exchange
  • Boot Camp Assistant
  • ColorSync Utility
  • Console
  • Digital Color Meter
  • Disk Utility
  • Grapher
  • Keychain Access
  • Migration Assistant
  • Screenshot
  • Script Editor
  • System Information
  • Terminal
  • VoiceOver Utility

Applications​

  • /System/Applications
  • /Applications
  • /Users/$USER/Applications

Library​

  • /Library
    • Documentation/
    • Extensions/ - kext - 内核扩展
    • Developer/
      • CommandLineTools/
        • SDKs/
        • Library/
        • usr/
          • bin/
  • /Users/$USER/Library
  • /System/Library
  • Application Support/ - 非用户相关应用数据
    • 同样的应用可以在多处存储不同纬度 Application Support
  • Caches/ - 应用缓存，可能会被删除，不会被备份
  • Frameworks/ - 多用户共享， iOS 不支持自定义框架
  • Preferences/ - 使用 NSUserDefaults 操作，会备份
  • PrivateFrameworks/
  • Developer/

BSD​

  • /bin/ - 基础工具
  • /dev/ - block & character device files
    • fd/ - file descriptor
  • /etc/ - 系统配置文件和脚本
  • /mach_kernel - 内核，启动加载到内存
  • /sbin/ - 系统和管理工具
  • /tmp/
  • /usr/ - 主要用户工具和应用
    • bin/
    • include/
      • arpa/
      • hfs/
      • machine/
      • net/
      • netinet/
      • nfs/
      • objc/
      • protocols/
      • sys/
      • ufs/
    • lib/
    • libexec/ - system daemons & system utilities (executed by other programs)
    • local/ - exec & lib not included by the basic operating system
    • sbin/ - system daemons & system utilities (executed by users)
    • share/
      • calendar/ - man calendar
      • dict/ - man look
        • web2 - Webster's Second International
        • web2a
        • propernames
        • connectives
        • words -> ./web2
      • man/
      • misc/
      • mk/ - make 模版
      • skel/
      • tabset/ - man termcap
      • zoneinfo/ - man tzfile
  • /var/
    • at/ - man at
    • backups/
    • db/
    • log/
    • mail/
    • run/
      • utmpx - man utmpx
    • rwho/ - man rwho
    • spool/
      • mqueue/ - man sendmail - 未发送的邮件
    • tmp/
    • folders/ per-user temporary files and caches