PostgreSQL ACL

• User -> Role - 新版都是 ROLE
• 属性
  • LOGIN - 可登录 - CREATE USER 默认包含 LOGIN
  • INHERIT - 是否继承权限 IN ROLE - 默认 开启
    • 默认继承 PUBLIC
  • SUPERUSER
  • CREATEDB
  • CREATEROLE
  • REPLICATION LOGIN
  • PASSWORD 'password' | PASSWORD NULL
  • BYPASSRLS - RLS 不生效
  • CONNECTION LIMIT - 连接数限制
  • VALID UNTIL 'timestamp'
  • IN ROLE - 赋予角色
  • ROLE - 添加其他角色到该分组
  • ADMIN - 类似 ROLE, 但允许该角色添加其他成员到该组
• 预设角色
  • pg_read_all_data
  • pg_read_all_settings
  • pg_read_all_stats
  • pg_write_all_data
  • pg_stat_scan_tables - ACCESS SHARE
  • pg_monitor -> pg_read_all_settings, pg_read_all_stats, pg_stat_scan_tables
  • pg_database_owner
  • pg_signal_backend - 取消查询、终止会话
  • pg_read_server_files - COPY
  • pg_write_server_files
  • pg_execute_server_program
• GRANT - Privileges
  • 角色权限
    • 表 - SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | DELETE | TRUNCATE | REFERENCES | TRIGGER
      • 允许创建外键限制
      • 允许创建 TRIGGER
    • 列 - SELECT | INSERT | UPDATE | REFERENCES
    • 序列 - USAGE | SELECT | UPDATE
    • 数据库 - CREATE | CONNECT | TEMPORARY | TEMP
    • Schema - CREATE | USAGE
    • Domain - USAGE
    • FDW - USAGE
    • FOREIGN SERVER - USAGE
    • FUNCTION, PROCEDURE, ROUTINE - EXECUTE
  • PUBLIC=所有角色
• POLICY - 表 RLS
  • PERMISSIVE - OR 合并 - 默认
  • RESTRICTIVE - AND 合并
  • USING - 检查 SELECT 和 INSERT/UPDATE … RETURNING
    • false - 行不显示
  • WITH CHECK - 检查 INSERT 和 UPDATE - 默认使用 USING 条件
    • false - 出错
• RULE - 重写语句
• 参考
  • GRANT
  • ALTER ROLE
  • CREATE ROLE
  • ALTER DEFAULT PRIVILEGES
    • 影响未来创建对象，不影响现在
  • postgrest auth
  • pgconf us 2019 Row Level Security

警告

• set_config 是不能被控制的
  • RLS 针对 current_user - 维护很多用户记录
  • RLS 针对 匹配密码 记录 - db 计算量更大
  • RLS 针对 current_settings - 简单方便，但不可对外暴露
    • 也可以同时针对 current_user - 优先使用从 current_user 提取的信息
    • tid bigint := coalesce(nullif(current_setting('tenant.id', true), '')::bigint,((regexp_match(current_user, 'tenant_(\d+)$'))[1])::bigint)
  • RLS 针对 用户 使用静态值 - 性能最好，可提前优化查询
  • RLS 需要考虑做到 租户 维度还是 用户 维度

create role wener login password 'wener'; -- 可登录用户
create role admin; -- 不可登录角色
grant admin to wener; -- 把 wener 加入 admin 分组
-- 给分组加权限，成员也会得到权限
grant all on all tables in schema public to admin;

-- 不可以用于 SECURITY DEFINER
-- SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] ROLE NONE|role_name
SET ROLE wener; -- 修改 current_user
RESET ROLE;     -- 恢复

-- 类似于 SET ROLE
-- 设置后，下次 SET ROLE 会校验是否有权限，而 SET ROLE 则是基于最开始的权限判断
-- SET LOCAL 可以用于 SECURITY DEFINER
-- SET [ SESSION | LOCAL ] SESSION AUTHORIZATION DEFAULT|user_name
SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION wener;
RESET SESSION AUTHORIZATION

ROLE 属性

select current_user; -- 当前用户

-- 控制可见范围
-- 默认 "$user", public
show search_path;
-- 针对 ROLE 设置
alter role demo_app_web set search_path = app_web,public;

-- 针对 ROLE 设置 SESSION 变量
-- ⚠️ 只有在 LOGIN 才生效，SET ROLE 和 SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION 不生效。
alter role demo_t_500 set tenant.id = 500;

• search_path 可针对 ROLE, DATABASE 设置

list grants

SELECT grantee, grantor, table_schema, table_name, privilege_type
FROM information_schema.role_table_grants
WHERE table_schema NOT IN ('pg_catalog', 'information_schema', 'columnar')
  AND table_name NOT IN ('citus_tables');

list role settings

SELECT r.rolname, d.datname, rs.setconfig
FROM pg_db_role_setting rs
         LEFT JOIN pg_roles r ON r.oid = rs.setrole
         LEFT JOIN pg_database d ON d.oid = rs.setdatabase;

list policy

SELECT n.nspname                                   AS schemaname,
       c.relname                                   AS tablename,
       pol.polname                                 AS policyname,
       CASE
           WHEN pol.polpermissive THEN 'PERMISSIVE'::text
           ELSE 'RESTRICTIVE'::text
           END                                     AS permissive,
       CASE
           WHEN pol.polroles = '{0}'::oid[] THEN string_to_array('public'::text, ''::text)::name[]
           ELSE ARRAY(SELECT pg_authid.rolname
                      FROM pg_authid
                      WHERE pg_authid.oid = ANY (pol.polroles)
                      ORDER BY pg_authid.rolname)
           END                                     AS roles,
       CASE pol.polcmd
           WHEN 'r'::"char" THEN 'SELECT'::text
           WHEN 'a'::"char" THEN 'INSERT'::text
           WHEN 'w'::"char" THEN 'UPDATE'::text
           WHEN 'd'::"char" THEN 'DELETE'::text
           WHEN '*'::"char" THEN 'ALL'::text
           ELSE NULL::text
           END                                     AS cmd,
       pg_get_expr(pol.polqual, pol.polrelid)      AS qual,
       pg_get_expr(pol.polwithcheck, pol.polrelid) AS with_check
FROM pg_policy pol
         JOIN pg_class c ON c.oid = pol.polrelid
         LEFT JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace;