NodeJS 版本

• 建议只使用 LTS 版本
  • 因为很多使用 gyp 的项目不会对非 lts 有支持
  • lts 版本周期长
• nodejs release
  • Node 版本 <-> 模块版本
  • https://github.com/nodejs/Release
• 发布周期
  • 每 6 个月一个大版本
  • 偶数版本为 LTS - 支持 30 个月
• 参考
  • v8 js/wasm 特性

ver	Active LTS	EOL	v8 ver
Node v22 LTS			v8 v12.4
Node v20 LTS	2023-10-24	2026-04-30	v8 v11.3
Node v18 LTS	2022-10-25	2025-04-30	v8 v10.1
Node v16 LTS	2021-10-26	2023-09-11	v8 v9.0
Node v14 LTS	2020-10-27	2023-04-30	v8 v8.1
Node v12 LTS	2019-10-21	2022-04-30	v8 v7.4

Roadmap

• node:module
• node:sqlite
  • v22.5 +
  • --experimental-sqlite
  • Stability 1
• Websocket
  • Native WebSockets in node 20
• corepack
• SEA
  • Stability: 1.1
  • Single Executable Applications - 单文件应用

• Stability
  • Stability: 0 - Deprecated
  • Stability: 1 - Experimental
  • Stability: 1.0 - Early development
  • Stability: 1.1 - Active development
  • Stability: 1.2 - Release candidate
  • Stability: 2 - Stable
  • Stability: 3 - Legacy
• https://unofficial-builds.nodejs.org/download/release
  • arm64 musl nodejs/unofficial-builds#59

Node v22

• Typescript
  • Node v22.6+
  • Stability 1.0
  • --experimental-strip-types
    • 直接运行 TypeScript，也需要配套解决 resolve 的一些问题
    • strip type 基于 @swc/wasm-typescript
  • --experimental-transform-types
    • 启用 TypeScript 转换 - 支持 enum, namespace, legacy module, parameter properties
    • 启用 sourcemap
    • 不会支持旧的 Decorators
    • 不会读取 tsconfig.json
    • 不支持 path
  • 推荐启用 verbatimModuleSyntax
• --experimental-require-module
  • 在 ESM 环境下使用 require
• node --run TASK - 运行 package.json 里的 script
  • 类似于 npm run TASK
• node --watch
• WebSocket 客户端
  • --experimental-websocket
• import {glob, globSync} from "node:fs"
  • 增加常用的 glob 方法
• v8 v12.4
  • WebAssembly Garbage Collection
  • Array.fromAsync
  • Set methods
  • iterator helpers
  • Maglev Fastest Optimizing JIT - https://v8.dev/blog/maglev

Node v21

• V8 11.8
  • Array grouping
  • ArrayBuffer.prototype.transfer
• 默认 ESM
  • --experimental-default-type=module
• 默认 WASM
  • --experimental-wasm-modules
  • 文件以 \0asm 开头 - magic
• Stable fetch/WebStreams
  • WebStreams, FormData, Headers, Request, Response, fetch
• Built-in WebSocket client
  • --experimental-websocket
• navigator.hardwareConcurrency
• https://nodejs.org/en/blog/announcements/v21-release-announce

Node v20 LTS

• v8 11.3
  • Resizable ArrayBuffer
    • Chrome 111
    • Safari 16.4
  • Growable SharedArrayBuffer
  • String.prototype.isWellFormed
  • String.prototype.toWellFormed
  • Regex v
• APIs
  • import.meta.resolve
  • 完善 Web Crypto API
  • 完善 WASI - WebAssembly System Interface
    • https://github.com/nodejs/uvwasi
  • readdir(dirname, { recursive: true })
• 支持 .env
• --experimental-loader
• --experimental-permission
  • --allow-fs-read
  • --allow-fs-write
  • --allow-child-process
  • --allow-worker
  • ERR_ACCESS_DENIED
  • process.permission.has('fs.write');
  • process.permission.has('fs.write', '/home/me/mydata.json')
• Test Runner
  • import { test, describe, it, mock } from 'node:test';
  • node --test --watch test.mjs
• single executable application - SEA - 可执行文件
• globalThis.process?.getBuiltinModule
  • 20.16+
• Blob#bytes():Uint8Array
  • 20.16+

sea-config.json

{
  "main": "myscript.js",
  "output": "sea-prep.blob"
}

node --experimental-sea-config sea-config.json

loader.js

export async function resolve(specifier, parentModuleURL, defaultResolve) {
  console.log('Resolving:', specifier);
  return defaultResolve(specifier, parentModuleURL);
}

export async function load(url, defaultLoad) {
  console.log('Loading:', url);
  return defaultLoad(url);
}

node --experimental-loader=./loader.mjs

getBuiltinModule

NodeJS v20.16+

if (globalThis.process?.getBuiltinModule) {
  // Run in Node.js, use the Node.js fs module.
  const fs = globalThis.process.getBuiltinModule('fs');
  // If `require()` is needed to load user-modules, use createRequire()
  const module = globalThis.process.getBuiltinModule('module');
  const require = module.createRequire(import.meta.url);
  const foo = require('foo');

  module.isBuiltin(id);
}

• https://nodejs.org/en/blog/announcements/v20-release-announce

Node v18 LTS

caution

• fetch 不支持指定 agent 做代理 #43187
  • 使用 undici

• fetch
• Web Streams API
• node:* Prefix-only core Modules
• node:test, ode:assert
  • import test from 'node:test'
• Blob
• BroadcastChannel
• V8 10.1 - Chromium 101
• OpenSSL 3
• Blob, BrodcastChannel
• Watch
  • node --watch
  • node --watch-path

---

• Build-time user-land snapshot
  • –-node-snapshot-main
• Undici
  • HTTP Client

Node v16 LTS

• V8 9.0
• npm v7
• Apple M1
• 稳定
  • AbortController
  • Source Maps v3
• 实验阶段
  • Web Crypto API

Node v14 LTS

• v8 版本 v8.1
  • Optional Chaining
  • Nullish Coalescing
  • Intl.DisplayNames
  • Intl.DateTimeFormat
    • calendar
    • numberingSystem
• esm 正常使用 - 不再会有 wanring
• Diagnostic Reporting 稳定
• 实验特性
  • Async Hooks API - async 本地存储
  • WASI - Web Assembly System Interface
• Node.js 14 ChangeLog

Node v12 LTS

• V8 7.4
  • JIT-less V8
  • WebAssembly Threads/Atomics
  • ES6 Module
  • Private Class Fields
  • TLS 1.3
• Top-Level Await - --experimental-top-level-await
• API
  • 新增 EventTarget