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链接超时

  • 云平台会主动切断 idle 的链接,这个和局域网的链接不同 - 云平台 nat 资源
  • 应用需要主动 ping/keepalive 保持链接,否则从链接池里拿出来链接可能已经 timeout
  • 操作系统层面可以配置 tcp keepalive 进行保活
  • 大多链接池都支持
    • IdleTimeout
      • 建议小于 10 分钟
      • idle 时长,如果配置的比 平台/系统 层 idle 短,也能避免取到无效链接的问题
    • TestOnBorrow - 有一定性能影响
    • TestOnReturn
    • TestWhileIdle - 影响小,但会浪费一定链接数量
      • 需要慎重考虑配置的 idle 数量
  • 链接池
    • apache commons-pool GenericObjectPool
      • 支持 IdleTime, TestWhileIdle, TestOnCreate, TestOnBorrow, TestOnReturn
    • HikariCP HikariConfig
      • IdleTimeout, KeepaliveTime
      • KeepaliveTime 检测 idle 的周期

系统 TCP KeepAlive

  • tcp_keepalive_time
    • 上次数据包发送后,多久开始发送 keepalive
    • 开始发送 keepalive 后,该值不在重要
    • TCP_KEEPIDLE
  • tcp_keepalive_intvl
    • 发送 keepalive 的间隔
    • TCP_KEEPINTVL
  • tcp_keepalive_probes
    • 多少次 unack 后认为链接已经断开,通知应用层
    • TCP_KEEPCNT
# Linux
# 默认 7200,75,9
# 2小时, 75s, 9次
sysctl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes

# 1分钟, 1分钟, 5次
sysctl -w \
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=60 \
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=60 \
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=5

cat << EOF | sudo tee /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp_keepalive.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 60
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl = 60
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes = 5
EOF
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-tcp_keepalive.conf

# macOS
sysctl net.inet.tcp.always_keepalive net.inet.tcp.keepidle net.inet.tcp.keepinit net.inet.tcp.keepintvl