Skip to main content

WSL

tip
  • WSL2 为完整虚拟机 - kernel+rootfs
    • 跨 OS FS 性能不太好 - 建议项目直接放到 VM 里
    • vsc 和 jetbrain 支持直接打开 wsl 里 fs
  • 等同于 macOS 下的 lima
  • 约等于 firecracker 效果
  • WSL2 内服务需要 portproxy 才能被外部访问

启用 WSL 功能​

cmd.exe /c ver # 确认当前系统版本

# runas /user:Administrator "cmd.exe"
powershell -Command "Start-Process cmd -Verb RunAs" # 以管理员权限运行

# 启用 WSL
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux /all /norestart
# 启用 VM
dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:VirtualMachinePlatform /all /norestart

# dism.exe /online /enable-feature /featurename:Microsoft-Hyper-V-All /all /norestart # 启用 Hyper-V
# Get-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName VirtualMachinePlatform # 检查是否启用

# 重启，安装 Windows WSL2 Update

# 设置默认 WSL 2
wsl --set-default-version 2

安装 Alpine​

wslconfig /list              # 所有的 VM
wslconfig /setdefault Alpine # 设置 Alpine 为默认

wsl -d Alpine # 进入 Alpine VM

# 配置系统
cat << EOF > /etc/apk/repositories
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.21/main
https://mirrors.aliyun.com/alpine/v3.21/community
EOF
echo "nameserver 223.5.5.5" > /etc/resolv.conf
apk update
apk upgrade -a

Windows 开发环境​

IntelliJ​

开发环境准备​

wsl -d Alpine # 进入 WSL

apk add openssh make rsync bash nano # 基础依赖
# 开发相关依赖apk add openssh make rsync bash nano
apk add libc6-compat gcompat curl bash ca-certificates openssl ncurses coreutils python3 make gcc g++ libgcc linux-headers grep util-linux binutils findutils

bash # ash -> bash

# SSH 配置
# 同步 Windows 上的 ssh 密钥信息
USERNAME=$(/mnt/c/Windows/System32/cmd.exe /c 'echo %USERNAME%' | sed -e 's/\r//g')
rsync -a /mnt/c/Users/USERNAME/.ssh/ ~/.ssh/
chmod 700 ~/.ssh/id_rsa
# 同步 Windows 上的 git 配置
cp /mnt/c/Users/USERNAME/.gitconfig ~

# Git 配置
# 注意修改用户名和邮箱
git config --global user.name "Author Name"
git config --global user.email "[email protected]"

# NodeJS
curl -L https://raw.githubusercontent.com/tj/n/master/bin/n -o n
chmod u+x n
# install -t /usr/local/bin n
N_NODE_MIRROR=https://npmmirror.com/mirrors/node-unofficial-builds ./n --arch x64-musl lts

# PHP 环境
apk --no-cache add php81 php81-{bcmath,bz2,calendar,common,ctype,curl,dev,dba,dom,embed,enchant,exif,fileinfo,fpm,ftp,gd,gettext,gmp,iconv,imap,intl,json,ldap,mbstring,mysqli,mysqlnd,odbc,opcache,openssl,pcntl,pdo,pdo_dblib,pdo_mysql,pdo_odbc,pdo_pgsql,pdo_sqlite,pear,pgsql,phar,phpdbg,posix,pspell,session,shmop,simplexml,snmp,soap,sockets,sqlite3,sysvmsg,sysvsem,sysvshm,tidy,tokenizer,xml,xmlreader,xmlwriter,xsl,zip,zlib}
ln -s /usr/bin/php81 /usr/bin/php

端口暴露​

  1. 每次都需要
  2. 需要 Admin 执行
cmd
start C:\Windows\system32
; 右键管理员运行 cmd.exe

; 查看 IP 地址
wsl -d Alpine ifconfig eth0
; 映射 8000 到 WSL
netsh interface portproxy set v4tov4 listenport=8000 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=8000 connectaddress=上面的地址
addr=$(ip -4 addr show eth0 | grep -Po '(?<=inet\s)\d+(\.\d+){3}')

export PATH="$PATH:/usr/lib/wsl/lib:/mnt/c/Windows/system32"
netsh.exe interface portproxy set v4tov4 listenport=80 listenaddress=0.0.0.0 connectport=80 connectaddress=$addr
wsl hostname -I             # 返回 disto 的 IP 地址
wsl -d Alpine ifconfig eth0 # 同理

Docker 环境​

不需要 Docker Desktop

apk add docker openrc
tee /etc/docker/daemon.json <<- 'EOF'
{
  "builder": {
    "gc": {
      "defaultKeepStorage": "20GB",
      "enabled": true
    }
  },
  "experimental": false,
  "features": {
    "buildkit": true
  },
  "registry-mirrors": ["https://docker.wener.me"]
}
EOF

# use legacy iptables for docker
apk add iptables-legacy
ln $(which iptables-legacy) $(which iptables) -f
ln $(which ip6tables-legacy) $(which ip6tables) -f

# openrc 启动 networking 需要配置
touch /etc/network/interfaces

rc-update add docker default
openrc default

docker ps
  • Docker Desktop 创建的
    • docker-desktop
    • docker-desktop-data

开机启动 OpenRC​

start-wsl-alpine-openrc.bat
@echo off
REM Alpine 启动 OpenRC
wsl -d Alpine -u root --exec /sbin/openrc-init
  • Win + R shell:startup 目录下放入 start-wsl-alpine-openrc.bat
  • 或者 WSL 里
    • /mnt/c/Users/$WSLUSER/AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Windows/Start Menu/Programs/Startup
WSLUSER=$(powershell.exe '$env:UserName' | tr -d '\r')
cd "/mnt/c/Users/$WSLUSER/AppData/Roaming/Microsoft/Windows/Start Menu/Programs/Startup"

tee start-wsl-alpine-openrc.bat <<- 'EOF'
@echo off
echo Alpine: Starting
wsl -d Alpine -u root -- uname -a
wsl -d Alpine -u root -- openrc default
echo Alpine: Started
pause > nul
EOF

/etc/wsl.conf​

管理​

wsl -l -v # 列出所有的 WSL 和 WSL 版本

wslu​

cmdfor示例用法
wslview在 WSL 中调用 Windows 默认程序打开文件或 URL。wslview https://www.example.com
wsluscwslview 的别名，同样用于打开文件或 URL。wslusc file.txt
wslvar从 Windows 环境中获取环境变量的值，便于在 WSL 内访问 Windows 配置。wslvar USERNAME
wslupath在 WSL 与 Windows 路径之间相互转换（例如将 Windows 路径转换为 WSL 格式）。wslupath "C:\Program Files"
wslfetch显示 WSL 系统信息，类似于 Linux 下的 neofetch，用于快速了解系统状态。wslfetch

FAQ

# /usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/usr/lib/wsl/lib:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:/mnt/c/Windows:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/Wbem:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0/:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/OpenSSH/:/mnt/c/Users/USERNAME/AppData/Local/Microsoft/WindowsApps
export PATH="$PATH:/usr/lib/wsl/lib:/mnt/c/Windows/system32:/mnt/c/Windows/System32/WindowsPowerShell/v1.0"

WSL vs WSL2​

  • WSL
    • 非全虚拟化
    • 相同 FS - 跨 OS FS 更快
    • 支持访问 USB 设备
    • 相同网络空间
  • WSL2 - Windows 11, Windows 10 v1903+,b18362+
    • 虚拟机
    • 完整 Linux 内核
    • 完整 syscall 兼容
    • 跨 OS FS 性能差一点 - 建议直接放到 VM 里
    • 用更多内存 - linux 内 cache 不会 free 那么快
  • https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows/wsl/compare-versions
  • winver

适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统实例已终止​

#
netsh wincosk reset
# 重启服务 HV Host Service
#
net stop LxssManager
net start LxssManager

系统找不到指定路径​

wsl --list --all --verbose

应该是安装的 镜像位置发生了变化或者被删除

迁移​

wsl --export
wsl --import
  • HKEY_CURRENT_USER\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Lxss

检测是否运行在 WSL​

  • /proc/sys/kernel/osrelease
  • /proc/version
  • Microsoft, WSL
uname -a

The Windows Subsystem for Linux has not been enabled.​

ERR: The Windows Subsystem for Linux has not been enabled.
HRESULT: 0x8007019e
  • dism 启用功能，然后重启

获取当前用户名​

powershell.exe '$env:UserName'
cmd.exe /c "echo %USERNAME%"
cmd.exe /c "whoami"

# wsl.locahost
basename "$(wslpath -w ~ | cut -d'\' -f3)"

apk add wslu
wslvar USERNAME

# 所有用户
ls -l /mnt/c/Users/ | grep -v "Public\|Default" | grep -E '^d' | awk '{print $9}'

alpine networking​

# service docker start
 * Starting networking ...
ifquery: could not parse /etc/network/interfaces
 * ERROR: networking failed to start
 * ERROR: cannot start docker as networking would not start
tee /etc/network/interfaces <<- 'EOF'
auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0
EOF

/etc/network/interfaces

auto lo
iface lo inet loopback

auto eth0

Docker network​

sudo dockerd --iptables=false
  • iproute2 ss
  • WSL 1 问题

docker RULE_APPEND failed (No such file or directory): rule in chain DOCKER-ISOLATION-STAGE-1​

apk add iptables-legacy
# /sbin/xtables-nft-multi -> /sbin/xtables-legacy-multi
# iptables-nft -> iptables-legacy
ln $(which iptables-legacy) $(which iptables) -f
ln $(which ip6tables-legacy) $(which ip6tables) -f

service docker restart

The virtual machine could not be started because a required feature is not installed.​

ERR: The virtual machine could not be started because a required feature is not installed.
HRESULT: 0x80370102