msys2

• https://www.msys2.org/
• msys -> Minimal System
• MinGW -> Minimalist GNU for Windows
• mingw/cygwin+包
• pacman 包管理器
• 提供类似 sudo
• 推荐本地 bin 位置 C:\msys64\usr\local\bin
• 参考
  • VSC 集成
  • imachug/win-sudo
  • 包索引
  • archlinux Pacman
  • archlinux Pacman tips
• MSYS2 requires 64 bit Windows 10 or newer.
• ~ -> cygpath -w ~ -> C:\msys64\home\$USER
• C:\Users\$USER -> /c/Users/$USER
  • Windows 正常的用户目录

tip

• 建议将 C:\msys64 目录从安全扫描排除
• 推荐使用 ucrt64

cmd	for
pacman -S PACKAGE	安装
pacman -R PACKAGE	卸载
pacman -Q PACKAGE	查询
pacman -Syu PACKAGE	安装 & 更新
pacman -Syu	更新所有
查询
pacman -Qe	查询所有安装的包
pacman -Ql PACKAGE	查询包内容
pacman -Qii PACKAGE	查询包信息
pacman -Qo FILE	查询文件归属包
pacman -Qs PACKAGE	搜索 已经安装 的包
MISC
pacman -Qdt	查询孤立的包
pacman -Rns $(pacman -Qdtq)	删除孤立的包
pactree PACKAGE	包依赖树
pactree -r PACKAGE	谁依赖这个包

• https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/pacman

# 更新 index
pacman -Syu
# 从新启动再更新
pacman -Su

# 基础开发工具
# 前缀 mingw-w64-SUBSYSTEM-ARCH
# 前缀 mingw-w64-${MSYSTEM,,}-$(uname -m)
pacman -Sy --needed base-devel git mingw-w64-x86_64-toolchain mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc
pacman -Sy gcc unzip zip rsync
pacman -Sy procps-ng # provide top

# Go
# ==========
pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-go
# export GOROOT=/mingw64/lib/go
# export GOPATH=/mingw64
# 注意不是 ~/go 是 C:\Users\$USER\go
ls $(go env GOPATH)/bin
export PATH="$PATH:$(go env GOPATH)/bin"

# mingw-w64-x86_64-nsis - nsis 脚本安装工具

# 安装 win-sudo
curl -s https://raw.githubusercontent.com/imachug/win-sudo/master/install.sh | sh

pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-fastfetch
fastfetch

# Explorer 打开目录
start "$(cygpath -d $PWD)"

env

echo $MSYSTEM
# 查看 gcc 搜索路径  - 影响构建环境
gcc --print-search-dirs

推荐 UCRT64

Name	Prefix	Toolchain	Architecture	C Library	C++ Library
MSYS	/usr	gcc	x86_64	cygwin	libstdc++
MINGW64	/mingw64	gcc	x86_64	msvcrt	libstdc++
UCRT64	/ucrt64	gcc	x86_64	ucrt	libstdc++
CLANG64	/clang64	llvm	x86_64	ucrt	libc++
MINGW32	/mingw32	gcc	i686	msvcrt	libstdc++
CLANG32	/clang32	llvm	i686	ucrt	libc++

• MSYS
  • 包含一些 unix-like/cygwin 的工具
  • 所有其他环境继承 MSYS
• target - infix
  • ucrt64 - ucrt-x86_64
  • clang64 - clang-x86_64
  • clangarm64 - clang-aarch64
  • mingw64 - x86_64
  • mingw32 - i686
  • clang32 - clang-i686
• https://www.msys2.org/docs/environments/

针对 SSHd 修改

if [ -n "$SSH_CONNECTION" ]; then
  export MSYSTEM=MINGW32
  source /etc/profile
fi

手动修改

export MSYSTEM=UCRT64
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

export MSYSTEM=MINGW64
source /etc/profile
echo $PATH

pacman 常用命令

pacman -Ss nano     # 搜索
pacman -Qs nano     # 搜索已经安装的包
pacman -S nano      # 安装
pacman -R nano      # 卸载
pacman -Ql nano     # 显示包内容
pactree nano        # 包依赖树
pacman -Qi nano     # 直接依赖
pacman -Qo nano.exe # 文件归属包
pacman -F vim.exe   # 包含文件的包 - 会下载数据库

镜像

• mirror https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/msys2/
  • /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 - i686
  • /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 - x86_64
  • /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys

目前官方仓库速度还可以

# backup
mv -t . /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys
echo "Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686" > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32
echo "Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64" > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64
echo 'Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch' > /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys

.profile

# /c/GO/bin 看情况 - pacman go 和官方差距不大
# export GOPATH=$HOME/go
export PATH="$PATH:$HOME/.local/bin:$HOME/go/bin"
export GO111MODULE=on
export GOPROXY=https://goproxy.io

function o() {
  if [ $# -eq 0 ]; then
    local opath=.
  else
    local opath="$@"
  fi
  # Windows
  command -v cygstart > /dev/null && cygstart "$opath" && return
  command -v cygpath > /dev/null && start "$(cygpath -d $opath)" && return
}

修改 Home 目录

• 默认 home 为
  • /home/$USER
  • /msys64/home/$USER
  • /msys32/home/$USER

/etc/nsswitch.conf

db_home: windows

如果不行则尝试

db_home: windows cygwin desc
db_home: env windows /c/User/Administrator

SSHd

• Setting up SSHd
• 参考
  • https://gist.github.com/samhocevar/00eec26d9e9988d080ac

pacman -Sy openssh cygrunsrv mingw-w64-x86_64-editrights

# 创建 sshd 用户需要管理员权限
# win-sudo
sudo sh ./msys2-sshd-setup.sh

msys2-sshd-setup.sh

#!/bin/sh
# from https://www.msys2.org/wiki/Setting-up-SSHd/

set -e

UNPRIV_USER=sshd # DO NOT CHANGE; this username is hardcoded in the openssh code
UNPRIV_NAME="Privilege separation user for sshd"

EMPTY_DIR=/var/empty

if ! /mingw64/bin/editrights -h > /dev/null; then
  echo "ERROR: Missing 'editrights'. Try: pacman -S mingw-w64-x86_64-editrights."
  exit 1
fi

if ! cygrunsrv -v > /dev/null; then
  echo "ERROR: Missing 'cygrunsrv'. Try: pacman -S cygrunsrv."
  exit 1
fi

if ! ssh-keygen -A; then
  echo "ERROR: Missing 'ssh-keygen'. Try: pacman -S openssh."
  exit 1
fi

#
# The unprivileged sshd user (for privilege separation)
#
add="$(if ! net user "${UNPRIV_USER}" > /dev/null; then echo "//add"; fi)"
if ! net user "${UNPRIV_USER}" ${add} //fullname:"${UNPRIV_NAME}" \
  //homedir:"$(cygpath -w ${EMPTY_DIR})" //active:no; then
  echo "ERROR: Unable to create Windows user ${UNPRIV_USER}"
  exit 1
fi

#
# Add or update /etc/passwd entries
#
if test -f /etc/passwd; then
  sed -i -e '/^'"${UNPRIV_USER}"':/d' /etc/passwd
  SED='/^'"${UNPRIV_USER}"':/s?^\(\([^:]*:\)\{5\}\).*?\1'"${EMPTY_DIR}"':/bin/false?p'
  mkpasswd -l -u "${UNPRIV_USER}" | sed -e 's/^[^:]*+//' | sed -ne "${SED}" \
    >> /etc/passwd
  mkgroup.exe -l > /etc/group
fi

#
# Finally, register service with cygrunsrv and start it
#
cygrunsrv -R msys2_sshd || true
cygrunsrv -I msys2_sshd -d "MSYS2 sshd" -p /usr/bin/sshd.exe -a "-D -e" -y tcpip

# The SSH service should start automatically when Windows is rebooted. You can
# manually restart the service by running `net stop msys2_sshd` + `net start msys2_sshd`
if ! net start msys2_sshd; then
  echo "ERROR: Unable to start msys2_sshd service"
  exit 1
fi

Gitlab Runner

# --create-file-mode 0744
curl -LO https://gitlab-runner-downloads.s3.amazonaws.com/latest/binaries/gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe
chmod +x gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe

mkdir -p /opt/bin
mv gitlab-runner-windows-amd64.exe /opt/bin/gitlab-runner.exe

mkdir -p runner && cd runner
# gitlab token env
REGISTRATION_TOKEN=
gitlab-runner register \
  --non-interactive \
  --executor shell \
  --shell bash \
  --url "https://gitlab.com/" \
  --registration-token "$REGISTRATION_TOKEN" \
  --description windows-shell-runner \
  --tag-list "windows,shell,bash" \
  --run-untagged=false \
  --locked=false \
  --access-level=not_protected \
  --builds-dir ./build \
  --cache-dir ./cache
# 生成的配置
cat config.toml
# 不能通过 SSH 执行 - FATAL: Failed to start gitlab-runner: The specified service does not exist as an installed service.
gitlab-runner run -c ./config.toml -d .

# service
cygrunsrv -R gitlab_shell_runner
cygrunsrv -I gitlab_shell_runner -d "Gitlab Shell Runner" -p /opt/bin/gitlab-runner.exe -c $PWD -a "run -c ./config.toml -d ." -y tcpip

Python

• 应该只有 mingw 好用
• 避免 python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

# mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-python
# mingw-w64-x86_64-python
# python
pacman -Q | grep "python"

# ucrt
# mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-python mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-python-pip

# mingw
# libpython3.11.dll libgcc_s_seh-1.dll libwinpthread-1.dll
# mingw-w64-x86_64-python-poetry mingw-w64-x86_64-python-pip

# msys
# 依赖 msys-*.dll
# python python3-pip

CI

• https://www.msys2.org/docs/ci/

FAQ

cygpath -w '/'

# 从 Windows Defender 排除目录
powershell.exe -Command "Add-MpPreference -ExclusionPath $(cygpath -w '/')"
# 当前的排除列表
powershell.exe -Command "Get-MpPreference | Select-Object -ExpandProperty ExclusionPath"
powershell.exe -Command 'Set-MpPreference -DisableRealtimeMonitoring $true'

GCC vs LLVM/Clang

• GCC
  • 使用更多
  • 支持 Fortran
  • 包可能使用 Clang 构建
• LLVM/Clang
  • 只使用 LLVM 工具 - LLD linker, LIBC++
  • Clang 支持 ASAN
  • 原生支持 TLS/Thread-local storage
  • LLD 比 LD 更快 但功能特性更少
  • 缺少部分 GNU 下工具
  • Windows 10 支持 ARM64/AArch64 架构

MSVCRT vs UCRT

• MSVCRT - Microsoft Visual C++ Runtime
  • Windows 默认，后向兼容，非 C99 兼容
  • 不支持 UTF-8 locale
• UCRT - Universal C Runtime
  • 新版本 Microsoft Visual Studio 默认
  • Windows 10 默认带
• vcruntime
  • CRT 分为 vcruntime 和 UCRT
  • ucrt for non-Microsoft compiler - Clang / GCC
  • vcruntime for Microsoft compiler - MSVC

---

• https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/cpp/porting/upgrade-your-code-to-the-universal-crt

Node Must load N-API bindings

Must load N-API bindings
note: run with `RUST_BACKTRACE=1` environment variable to display a backtrace

pacman -S mingw-w64-ucrt-x86_64-rust

• swc.win32-x64-msvc.node 和 msys 不兼容
• https://github.com/napi-rs/napi-rs/pull/2026
• https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/17782
• https://github.com/msys2/MINGW-packages/issues/20407

static nodejs

ldd /ucrt64/bin/node.exe | grep -vi 'Windows/SYSTEM32'

libstdc++-6.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libstdc++-6.dll
libgcc_s_seh-1.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libgcc_s_seh-1.dll
libwinpthread-1.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libwinpthread-1.dll
libnode.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libnode.dll
libcares-2.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libcares-2.dll
libcrypto-3-x64.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libcrypto-3-x64.dll
libicuin75.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libicuin75.dll
libicuuc75.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libicuuc75.dll
libssl-3-x64.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libssl-3-x64.dll
libicudt75.dll => /ucrt64/bin/libicudt75.dll
zlib1.dll => /ucrt64/bin/zlib1.dll

curl -LO https://nodejs.org/download/release/latest-v20.x/win-x64/node.exe
# 没有外部依赖
ldd node.exe | grep -vi 'Windows/SYSTEM32'

pacman hang on GPG

pstree -lp

• https://github.com/msys2/setup-msys2/issues/358
• https://github.com/msys2/MSYS2-packages/issues/2752