Brew

brew
- BSD-2, Ruby
- macOS/Linux 包管理器
参考
- Brew.sh

警告

/usr/local -> /opt/homebrew
- 新版本做了位置迁移
- native 的 binary 都是 universal binary，但 brew 的 binary 不一定
- Apple Silicon: port all Homebrew packages under /usr/local/opt/ to /opt/homebrew

HOMEBREW_PREFIX

安装

Note

安装过程中可能会需要代理

代理建议使用 https_proxy 进行设置或全局代理

如果使用 https_proxy 建议使用 http 代理

sudo softwareupdate --install --all # 系统更新
xcode-select --install              # 安装 xcode command line tools

# 安装 - 如果失败，添加 https_proxy 代理
# /bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"
# 走 ghproxy.com 避免代理
/bin/bash -c "$(curl -fsSL https://ghproxy.com/raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/install/HEAD/install.sh)"

# 配置镜像
export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS=1
export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"
export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
# export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
brew update

# 添加环境变量
test -r ~/.bash_profile && echo 'eval "$(brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.bash_profile
test -r ~/.zprofile && echo 'eval "$(brew shellenv)"' >> ~/.zprofile

https://mirror.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/help/homebrew/

基础开发环境

# 基础程序
# sshrc
brew install openssh autossh git mosh bash ssh-copy-id sshuttle tmux vim

# Linux/GNU 命令
brew install less nano file-formula findutils coreutils binutils diffutils wget rsync unzip gzip wdiff
brew install gnu-{indent,sed,tar,which,units,time} gnutls gpatch grep
brew install bash-completion2

# 应用
brew install iterm2 google-chrome cyberduck

NodeJS 环境

brew install nvm
mkdir -p ~/.nvm
# 配置环境变量到 .zprofile 或 .profile
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && . "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"                                       # This loads nvm
[ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && . "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" # This loads nvm bash_completion

# zprofile for zsh
test -r ~/.zprofile && cat << 'EOF' >> ~/.zprofile
export NVM_DIR="$HOME/.nvm"
[ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh" ] && \. "/usr/local/opt/nvm/nvm.sh"  # This loads nvm
[ -s "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm" ] && \. "/usr/local/opt/nvm/etc/bash_completion.d/nvm"  # This loads nvm bash_completion
EOF

nvm install --lts
nvm use --lts

Docker

https://orbstack.dev

brew install orbstack

orb docker

Legacy

基础的软件包

# 基础
#brew tap caskroom/cask
#brew tap caskroom/versions
brew tap homebrew/versions
#brew tap homebrew/dupes
#brew tap homebrew/completions
#brew tap homebrew/games
#brew tap homebrew/command-not-found

# 先安装 Lantern 用作梯子
# 下面的部分软件包是安装不了的,必须需要梯子,在启动 lantern 后,可通过以下命令安装 google-chrome
# https_proxy=127.0.0.1:8787 brew cask install google-chrome
brew cask install lantern

# 基础程序
brew install openssh autossh git mosh bash sshrc ssh-copy-id sshuttle tmux vim

# Linux/GNU 命令
# 这些 gnu 命令都没用 --with-default-names 参数,因此命令会推荐一个 g 前缀,例如 gawk
# 使用的时候添加 /usr/local/opt/coreutils/libexec/gnubin 该路径就可以了, 不需要 g 前缀
brew install less nano file-formula findutils coreutils binutils diffutils wget rsync unzip gzip wdiff
brew install gnu-{indent,sed,tar,which,units,time} gnutls gpatch grep
brew install bash-completion2

# 基本语言环境, 可选装
# 如果使用 nvm 则不安装 node
# python 默认为 3 可同时安装 python@2
brew install ruby python go node
# 补全
brew install {pip,ruby,gem,bundler,open,maven,brew-cask,apm-bash}-completion

# Java 环境
# 不建议通过 brew 安装 java 因为按住的是最新版，建议自行安装 LTS 版
# brew cask install java
# 最新 beta 版可安装 homebrew/cask-versions/java-beta
brew install maven
# 建议通过 toolbox 安装 jetbrain 的 ide
# brew cask install intellij-idea

# 数据库
# 可选 mongodb mysql mariadb postgresql
brew install sqlite

# 日常工具
brew cask install iterm2 google-chrome atom
# xtrafinder 在 10.11 中需要额外配置才能使用
# FinderPath 无法通过 cask 安装

# Java 环境
brew cask install java7 java
brew install maven
brew cask install intellij-idea

# OS X 下的常用工具
# 也可以用 AppleScript 提供的命令实现 https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/documentation/AppleScript/Conceptual/AppleScriptLangGuide/reference/ASLR_cmds.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/TP40000983-CH216-SW224
brew install terminal-notifier

# 在中国的基本工具
# 如果习惯苹果的输入法可以考虑不安装 搜狗
brew cask install qq sogouinput
open /opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom/sogouinput/*/安装搜狗输入法.app
# 也可以安装百度云 baiducloud
# brew cask install baiducloud

# 娱乐相关程序
brew install youtube-dl ffmpeg cmus
brew install mpv # 只是命令行启动,未关联文件, mpv --profile=pseudo-gui 可启动伪 UI
# mpv 的 app
brew cask install mpv

# 常用辅助工具
brew install di pv jlhonora/lsusb/lsusb

# 小工具
brew install archey cmatrix cowsay fortune screenfetch sl

# 小游戏
brew install c2048

更改默认 SHELL

OS X 自带的 Bash 是 3 的,有些功能不支持,使用 Brew 安装的是最新版的 Bash, 可通过以下方式修改操作系统默认 SHELL

echo /usr/local/bin/bash | sudo tee -a /etc/shells
chsh -s /usr/local/bin/bash

Font

# 添加字体库
brew tap caskroom/fonts
# 搜索字体
# brew cask search /monoid/ # 支持 ligature 的编程字体
# brew cask search /noto/ # 谷歌的 noto 字体
# brew cask install font-noto-emoji font-noto-color-emoji font-noto-sans-cjk-sc
# fc-list : file family |grep \/Library # 查看安装的字体

FUSE

FUSE 是用户空间文件系统,比较常见的使用情况

将远程服务器通过 SFTP 或者 FTP 挂在到本地
添加操作系统不支持的文件系统类型支持
文件系统加密

# OS X 自身没有 FUSE 支持,需要额外安装 osxfuse
brew cask install osxfuse

# 添加 fuse 仓库
# 所有支持的 fs 可在 https://github.com/Homebrew/homebrew-fuse/tree/master/Formula 看到
brew tap homebrew/fuse

# 使用方式 sshfs HOST:/opt ~/mnt 将主机的 /opt 目录映射到本地的 ~/mnt
brew install sshfs

# 用于目录映射, OS X 下 HFS+ 有文件目录的硬链接,但只能是同磁盘
brew install bindfs
# 支持 MTP, 大多数是想操作手机文件的时候, OS X 无法直接操作, Windows 自带 MTP 支持
# simple-mtpfs --list-devices # 查看所有设备
# simple-mtpfs --device 1  ~/mnt/android/ # 挂载设备号为 1 的 mtp 到 ~/mnt/android/
brew install simple-mtpfs

# 加密的文件系统
# encfs ~/data/enc ~/mnt/enc # 将 ~/data/enc 作为加密数据的存储目录, ~/mnt/enc 为挂载点
# 第一次执行时选择 p 进入预置模式,然后输入密码,之后挂载的时候都需要输入密码
brew install encfs

# 将 zip 挂载为一个文件目录
# fuse-zip data.zip ~/mnt/zip/
brew install fuse-zip
# 将归档文件挂载为文件目录
brew install avfs
# 将 BT 种子挂载为目录
brew install btfs

Tex

# 完整的 MacTex 相当大,可以只安装 BasicTex 然后通过 tlmgr 安装额外的包
# http://www.tug.org/mactex/morepackages.html
# export PATH="$PATH:/Library/TeX/texbin/"
# tlmgr update --self
# tlmgr install collection-fontsrecommended
brew cask install basictex

PHP

homebrew-php

brew tap homebrew/dupes
brew tap homebrew/versions
brew tap homebrew/homebrew-php
# 安装需要的版本
brew install php56

多版本 PHP 可使用 php-version 控制

容器相关

如果想要使用例如 Docker 之类的容器技术,可安装下列软件包

# 基础 Docker 依赖
brew install docker docker-machine docker-machine-driver-xhyve docker-compose docker-swarm
brew cask install virtualbox vagrant

brew install {docker,docker-machine,docker-compose,vagrant}-completion docker-machine-completion

Linuxbrew

Linuxbrew 是 Brew 的 Linux 移植版, 支持大多的安装包.

# Ubuntu 依赖
sudo apt-get install build-essential curl git m4 python-setuptools ruby texinfo libbz2-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev libexpat-dev libncurses-dev zlib1g-dev

# Centos 依赖
sudo yum groupinstall 'Development Tools' && sudo yum install curl git irb m4 python-setuptools ruby texinfo bzip2-devel curl-devel expat-devel ncurses-devel zlib-devel

# 安装 Linuxbrew
ruby -e "$(curl -fsSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/Homebrew/linuxbrew/go/install)"

使用 gcc 而不使用 clang

cd /usr/local/bin
VER=8
for v in gcc c++ g++ cpp; do ln -s $v-$VER $v; done

# 恢复
for v in gcc c++ g++ cpp; do unlink $v; done

formula

brew --prefix tinc-pre # /usr/local/opt/tinc-pre
brew --cellar tinc-pre # /usr/local/Cellar/tinc-pre

https://formulae.brew.sh/api/formula.json
~/Library/Caches/Homebrew/api/formula.json

tap

tap 多了 update 会很慢

https://github.com/<user>/homebrew-<repo>
homebrew/cask
homebrew/core
homebrew/services
cloudflare/cloudflare
- cloudflared
heroku/brew
ariga/tap
- atlas
joedrago/repo
- avifenc
jlhonora/lsusb
- lsusb

ls $(brew --repository)/Library/Taps

设置

HOMEBREW_NO_AUTO_UPDATE

FAQ

缓存目录

Homebrew
- ~/Library/Caches/Homebrew
- /usr/local/Hombrew
Cask
- 早期存储于 /opt/homebrew-cask/Caskroom/
- 后迁移至 /usr/local/Caskroom/
- 再后来 /usr/local/Hombrew/Cask

手动下载未下载完成的安装包

cd /Library/Caches/Homebrew/
for f in $(echo *.incomplete); do
  echo Manual download ${f%.incomplete}
  aria2c -c -j 10 https://homebrew.bintray.com/bottles/${f%.incomplete} && rm $f
done

xcode 版本检测错误

# 显示当前使用的版本
xcode-select -p
# 切换为另外的版本
sudo xcode-select --switch /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer

dir_s_mkdir permission denied

#19789

brew link ruby -- dir_s_mkdir permission denied
find /usr/local -not -uid $(id -u)
find /usr/local -not -uid $(id -u) | xargs -n 1 sudo chown -R $(whoami)

openjdk

sudo ln -sfn /usr/local/opt/openjdk/libexec/openjdk.jdk /Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/openjdk.jdk
# export PATH="/usr/local/opt/openjdk/bin:$PATH"

迁移

brew list > formulas.txt

brew fetch $(cat formulas.txt)
brew unlink $(cat formulas.txt)
brew link --overwrite $(cat formulas.txt)
brew reinstall $(cat formulas.txt)

brew doctor check_for_stray_headers
brew doctor check_for_stray_headers 2>&1 | grep /protobuf | xargs rm
brew doctor check_for_stray_headers 2>&1 | grep '^  /' | xargs rm

brew doctor check_for_stray_static_libs
brew doctor check_for_stray_static_libs 2>&1 | grep '^  /' | xargs rm

brew doctor check_for_stray_dylibs
brew doctor check_for_stray_dylibs 2>&1 | grep '^  /' | xargs rm

brew prune
brew missing

no such reg

卸载重装

brew uninstall --force tinc-pre
brew cleanup --force -s tinc-pre
brew cleanup --prune-prefix
brew install tinc-pre

Cannot download non-corrupt

rm ~/Library/Caches/Homebrew/downloads/*
brew update

formula.json: update failed, falling back to cached version.

brew update

brew 4.0

export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS=1

brew untap homebrew/core
brew untap homebrew/cask

# 4.0 HOMEBREW_INSTALL_FROM_API 默认
# HOMEBREW_NO_INSTALL_FROM_API=1

export HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles/api"
export HOMEBREW_BOTTLE_DOMAIN="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/homebrew-bottles"
export HOMEBREW_BREW_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/brew.git"
# 4.0+ 不开发不需要
export HOMEBREW_CORE_GIT_REMOTE="https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/git/homebrew/homebrew-core.git"
export HOMEBREW_PIP_INDEX_URL="https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple"
brew update

JSON 替代 Git
- https://formulae.brew.sh/
- HOMEBREW_API_DOMAIN
  - 以前 HOMEBREW_{ARTIFCAT,BOTTLE}_DOMAIN
https://brew.sh/2023/02/16/homebrew-4.0.0/

迁移

brew bundle dump
# brew & vsc
cat Brewfile

brew bundle install --file /path/to/Brewfile

analytics

brew analytics # 当前状态

export HOMEBREW_NO_ANALYTICS=1
# 或
brew analytics off

https://docs.brew.sh/Analytics

Brew

安装​

基础开发环境​

NodeJS 环境​

Docker​

Legacy

基础的软件包​

更改默认 SHELL​

Font​

FUSE​

Tex​

PHP​

容器相关​

Linuxbrew​

使用 gcc 而不使用 clang​

formula​

tap​

设置​

FAQ

缓存目录​

手动下载未下载完成的安装包​

xcode 版本检测错误​

dir_s_mkdir permission denied​

openjdk​

迁移​

no such reg​

Cannot download non-corrupt​

formula.json: update failed, falling back to cached version.​

brew 4.0​

迁移​

analytics​

安装

基础开发环境

NodeJS 环境

Docker

基础的软件包

更改默认 SHELL

Font

FUSE

Tex

PHP

容器相关

Linuxbrew

使用 gcc 而不使用 clang

formula

tap

设置

缓存目录

手动下载未下载完成的安装包

xcode 版本检测错误

dir_s_mkdir permission denied

openjdk

迁移

no such reg

Cannot download non-corrupt

formula.json: update failed, falling back to cached version.

brew 4.0

迁移

analytics