Linux Releases

tip

• 一般年底的最后一个版本会变成 LTS
• 一般 2-3 月 一个版本 - 一年 4 个版本
• LTS 支持 2-6 年
• SLTS kernel
  • 支持 5+ 年
  • 由 CIP 维护
• CIP kernel - 提供额外支持
  • Linux 4.4 - 支持到 2026/2036 年
  • CIP - Civil Infrastructure Platform
• RHEL 不遵循 LTS 版本 - 自己维护版本
  • RHEL 9.x - Linux 5.14

linux version	LTS	SLTS	date	EOL	distro
Linux 6.6	24		2023-10-30	2026-09	alpine 3.20,3.19
Linux 6.1	23	4th, 2033-08	2022-12-31	2026-12	alpine 3.18, debian 12 Brookworm
Linux 5.15	22		2021-10-32	2023-10	alpine 3.17,3.16,3.15, ubuntu 22.04
Linux 5.14					rhel 9
Linux 5.10	21	3rd, 2031-01	2020-12-13	2026-09	alpine 3.14, debian 11 Bullseye
Linux 5.4	20		2019-09-24	2025-09	alpine 3.13, ubuntu 20.04
[Linux 5.1]			2019-05-05
Linux 4.19	19	2nd, 2029-01	2019-10-22	2024-12	alpine 3.12, debian 10 Buster
Linux 4.18			2018-08-12	2023-08	rhel 8, centos 8
Linux 4.4	16	1st, 2027-01	2016-01-10	2022-02	ubuntu 16.04
Linux 3.14			2014-03-30
Linux 3.10			2013-06-30		rhel 7, centos 7
Linux 2.6.32	3		2009-12-03		rhel 6, centos 6
Linux 2.6.18			2006-09-20		rhel 5, centos 5

tip

• NTFS - linux 5.15
• exFAT - linux 5.4
• io_uring - linux 5.1

• https://kernelnewbies.org/LinuxVersions
• Linux kernel version history
• Active kernel releases
• http://phb-crystal-ball.org/
• cip-project
  • CIP - Civil Infrastructure Platform - 民用基础设施平台
  • 提供 SLTS - 支持 25-50 年
  • 适用于 工业产品
  • CIP Kernel Maintenance
• News
  • Moving the kernel to modern C
    • C89 -> C99, C11
• RHEL Reelease date

# CONFIG_IO_URING
grep io_uring_setup /proc/kallsyms

Linux 6.7

• bcachefs
• Nouveau - Nvidia GSP 固件

Linux 6.6

Linux 6.5

• https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_6.5

Linux 6.1

• 支持 Rust 写内核模块

Linux 5.15

• NTFS
• ksmbd - in-kernel SMB 3 server

Linux 5.13

• 支持 zstd 压缩的模块 - .ko.zst
  • 之前支持 gzip 和 xz

Linux 5.10

• EXT4
  • 支持 fast commit - fsync 和元数据操作更快 - mkfs 启用
  • 优化文件覆写
• XFS
  • 时间戳 2038 -> 2468
• Nintendo Switch Joy Cons 和 Pro 手柄控制器 - USB 和 蓝牙
• Raspberry Pi 4 VC4
• RISC-V boot EFI
• Linux 5.10

Linux 5.8

• Raspberry Pi 4
• Broadcom BCM2711

Linux 5.4

• exFAT
• virtio-fs
• fs-verity - 检测文件修改
  • 块级别，类似 dm-verity，支持 ext4、f2fs
• Linux 5.10

Linux 4.8

• Support for using Transparent Huge Pages in the page cache
• Support for eXpress Data Path
• XFS reverse mapping
• Stricter checking of memory copies with hardened usercopy
• GCC plugin support
• virtio-vsocks for easier guest/host communication
• Support IPv6 security labeling (CALIPSO, RFC 5570)
• Add New Vegas TCP congestion control
• Documentation moved to the reStructuredText format

Linux 4.7

• Support for Radeon RX480 GPUs
• Parallel directory lookups
• New 'schedutil" frequency governor
• Histograms of events in ftrace
• perf trace calls stack
• Allow BPF programs to attach to tracepoints
• EFI 'Capsule' firmware updates
• Support for creating virtual USB Device Controllers in USB/IP
• Android's sync_file fencing mechanism considered stable
• LoadPin, a security module to restrict the origin of kernel modules

Linux 4.6

• USB 3.1 SuperSpeedPlus (10 Gbps) support
• Improve the reliability of the Out Of Memory task killer
• Support for Intel memory protection keys
• OrangeFS, a new distributed file system
• Kernel Connection Multiplexor, a facility for accelerating application layer protocols
• 802.1AE MAC-level encryption (MACsec)
• BATMAN V protocol
• dma-buf: new ioctl to manage cache coherency between CPU and GPU
• OCFS2 online inode checker
• Support for cgroup namespaces
• Add support for the pNFS SCSI layout

Linux 4.5

• Copy offloading with new copy_file_range(2) system call
• Experimental PowerPlay supports brings high performance to the amdgpu driver
• Btrfs free space handling scalability improvements
• Support for GCC's Undefined Behavior Sanitizer (-fsanitize=undefined)
• Forwarded Error Correction support in the device-mapper's verity target
• Add MADV_FREE flag to madvise(2)
• Better epoll multithread scalability
• cgroup unified hierarchy is considered stable
• Performance improvements for SO_REUSEPORT UDP sockets
• Proper control of socket memory usage in the memory controller

Linux 4.4

• https://kernelnewbies.org/Linux_4.4
• Faster and leaner loop device with Direct I/O and Asynchronous I/O support
• 3D support in virtual GPU driver
  • 3D 支持虚拟 GPU
• LightNVM adds support for Open-Channel SSDs
• TCP listener handling completely lockless, making TCP servers faster and more scalable
  • TCP 监听处理完全无锁, 使得 TCP 服务更快更高效.
  • Commit
• Journalled RAID5 MD support
• Unprivileged eBPF + persistent eBPF programs
• perf + eBPF integration
• Block polling support
• mlock2() syscall allow users to request memory to be locked on page fault

Linux 4.3

• The Ext3 filesystem has been removed
• userfaultfd(), a system call for handling page-faults in user space
• membarrier(), a system call for issuing memory barriers on a set of threads
• New PID controller for limiting the number of PIDs in cgroups
• Ambient capabilities
• Introduce idle page tracking, a more precise way to track the memory being used by applications
• Support for IPv6 Identifier Locator Addressing
• Network light weight tunnels
• Virtual Routing and Forwarding (Lite) support