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U-Boot

Ttips​

# 编译
# 支持配置 https://github.com/u-boot/u-boot/tree/master/configs
# 依赖 https://git.alpinelinux.org/aports/tree/main/uboot-tools/APKBUILD
apk add swig python3-dev bison flex openssl-dev linux-headers
make qemu-x86_64_defconfig
# make cscope
make all -j $(nproc)
# test
qemu-system-x86_64 -nographic -no-reboot -bios u-boot.rom

# vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
# menuconfig
make qemu_arm64_defconfig
make all -j $(nproc)

# export CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabi-
# export CROSS_COMPILE=aarch64-linux-gnu-
# make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- vexpress_ca9x4_defconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- menuconfig
make ARCH=arm CROSS_COMPILE=arm-linux-gnueabihf- -j8

# example - /usr/share/doc/uboot-tools/examples/fw_env.config
apk add uboot-tools uboot-tools-examples

cat <<CONF > boot.scr
usb start
setenv bootargs earlyprintk console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0
CONF
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T script -C none -n boot.scr -d boot.scr boot.scr.uimg

#
# mkenvimage -s 1024 /usr/share/doc/uboot-tools/examples/fw_env.config
fw_printenv -c /usr/share/doc/uboot-tools/examples/fw_env.config
  • 开发板启动需要有串口来进行调试
  • 默认串口配置 115200/8N1 (115200 bps, 8 Bit per character, no parity, 1 stop bit, no handshake)
  • Linux 下推荐使用 kermit 或 cu，不要使用 minicom，也可以使用 screen 和 picocom，切记关闭硬件和软件 flow control

image​

archname
alphaAlpha
arcARC
armARM
arm64AArch64
avr32AVR32
blackfinBlackfin
ia64IA64
invalidInvalid ARCH
m68kM68K
microblazeMicroBlaze
mipsMIPS
mips64MIPS 64 Bit
nds32NDS32
nios2NIOS II
or1kOpenRISC 1000
powerpcPowerPC
riscvRISC-V
s390IBM S390
sandboxSandbox
shSuperH
sparcSPARC
sparc64SPARC 64 Bit
x86Intel x86
x86_64AMD x86_64
xtensaXtensa
mkimage -A arm -O linux -T kernel -C gzip -d vmlinux uImage
mkimage -A arm64 -O linux -T ramdisk -C gzip -d init.cpio.gz initramfs.uImage
# https://www.denx.de/wiki/view/DULG/HowCanILoadAndUncompressACompressedImage
# bootm
# -T standalone

boot​

# 版本
version
# 主板信息
bdinfo
# 串口信息
coninfo
# cpu 信息
cpu info
cpu detail
# QEMU 固件列表
qfw list

virtio scan
virtio info

# 子系统
ide
usb
virtio
nvme
mmc

#
dm tree

ext4ls ide 0 /
ext4ls ide 0:2 /

ext4load ide 0 ${kernel_addr_r} vmlinuz-lts
ext4load ide 0 ${ramdisk_addr_r} initramfs-lts
zboot ${kernel_addr_r}

# sda
setenv bootargs root=/dev/sda1 ro
load ide 0 ${kernel_addr_r} /vmlinuz-lts
load ide 0 ${ramdisk_addr_r} /initramfs-lts
zboot ${kernel_addr_r} - ${ramdisk_addr_r} ${filesize}

# 持久
setenv bootargs root=UUID=b2aaf743-0418-4d90-94cc-3e6108d7d968 ro
setenv boot zboot 03000000 0 04000000 \${filesize}
setenv bootcmd "ext2load scsi 0:2 03000000 /boot/vmlinuz-3.13.0-58-generic; ext2load scsi 0:2 04000000 /boot/initrd.img-3.13.0-58-generic; run boot"
saveenv

# vda
setenv bootargs root=/dev/vda1 ro
load virtio 0 03000000 /vmlinuz-lts
load virtio 0 04000000 /initramfs-lts
zboot 03000000 0 04000000 ${filesize}

qemu-system-x86_64 -m 1024 -smp 2 -nographic -bios artifacts/uboot/qemu-x86_64/u-boot.rom \
 -kernel virt/vmlinuz-virt -append 'root=/dev/ram console=ttyS0' \
 -initrd virt/initramfs-virt
qfw load
zboot 01000000 - 04000000 5fe85e

part list mmc 0
ls mmc 0:1

load mmc 0:1 0x60008000 zImage
ext4load mmc 0:1 0x60008000 zImage 

load mmc 0:1 0x61000000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb
ext4load mmc 0:1 0x61000000 vexpress-v2p-ca9.dtb

setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/mmcblk0p2 rw rootfstype=ext4 rootwait earlycon console=tty0 console=ttyAMA0 init=/linuxrc ignore_loglevel'
bootz 0x60008000 - 0x61000000



setenv ipaddr 10.8.8.100; setenv netmask 255.255.255.0; setenv serverip 10.8.8.3;
setenv bootargs 'root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.8.8.3:/home/macrofun/NFS_HOME init=/linuxrc ip=10.8.8.100 console=ttyAMA0';
saveenv

tftp 0x60003000 uImage;
setenv bootargs root=/dev/nfs rw nfsroot=10.8.8.3:/home/macrofun/NFS_HOME,proto=tcp,nfsvers=4,nolock init=/linuxrc ip=10.8.8.100 console=ttyAMA0 console=tty0
# qemu-system-arm -M vexpress-a9 -m 512 -serial stdio  -net nic -net tap,ifname=tap0,script=no -kernel u-boot
# qemu-system-aarch64 -nographic -curses -machine virt -cpu cortex-a57 -bios u-boot.bin
if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${bootpart} ${kernel_addr_r} /boot/Image; then
  echo fdt: ${fdtfile}
  if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${bootpart} ${fdt_addr_r} /boot/dtbs/${fdtfile}; then
    if load ${devtype} ${devnum}:${bootpart} ${ramdisk_addr_r} /boot/initramfs-linux.img; then
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} ${ramdisk_addr_r}:${filesize} ${fdt_addr_r};
    else
      booti ${kernel_addr_r} - ${fdt_addr_r};
    fi;
  fi;
fi

启动日志​

Valid Boot Flag
Setup Size = 0x00004400
Magic signature found
Using boot protocol version 2.0c
Linux kernel version 3.13.0-58-generic (buildd@allspice) #97-Ubuntu SMP Wed Jul 8 02:56:15 UTC 2015
Building boot_params at 0x00090000
Loading bzImage at address 100000 (5805728 bytes)
Magic signature found
Initial RAM disk at linear address 0x04000000, size 19215259 bytes
Kernel command line: "root=/dev/disk/by-partuuid/965c59ee-1822-4326-90d2-b02446050059 ro"

Starting kernel ...

command​

? - alias for 'help' base - print or set address offset bdinfo - print Board Info structure blkcache - block cache diagnostics and control boot - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootd - boot default, i.e., run 'bootcmd' bootefi - Boots an EFI payload from memory bootelf - Boot from an ELF image in memory bootm - boot application image from memory bootp - boot image via network using BOOTP/TFTP protocol bootstage - Boot stage command bootvx - Boot vxWorks from an ELF image cmp - memory compare coninfo - print console devices and information cp - memory copy cpu - display information about CPUs crc32 - checksum calculation date - get/set/reset date & time dhcp - boot image via network using DHCP/TFTP protocol diskboot - boot from IDE device dm - Driver model low level access echo - echo args to console editenv - edit environment variable env - environment handling commands exit - exit script ext2load - load binary file from a Ext2 filesystem ext2ls - list files in a directory (default /) ext4load - load binary file from a Ext4 filesystem ext4ls - list files in a directory (default /) ext4size - determine a file's size ext4write - create a file in the root directory false - do nothing, unsuccessfully fatinfo - print information about filesystem fatload - load binary file from a dos filesystem fatls - list files in a directory (default /) fatmkdir - create a directory fatrm - delete a file fatsize - determine a file's size fatwrite - write file into a dos filesystem fdt - flattened device tree utility commands fstype - Look up a filesystem type gettime - get timer val elapsed go - start application at address 'addr' help - print command description/usage ide - IDE sub-system iminfo - print header information for application image imxtract - extract a part of a multi-image interrupts- enable or disable interrupts iod - IO space display iow - IO space modify irqinfo - print information about IRQs itest - return true/false on integer compare lcdputs - print string on video framebuffer ln - Create a symbolic link load - load binary file from a filesystem loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode) loads - load S-Record file over serial line loadx - load binary file over serial line (xmodem mode) loady - load binary file over serial line (ymodem mode) loop - infinite loop on address range ls - list files in a directory (default /) md - memory display mii - MII utility commands mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing address) mtrr - Use x86 memory type range registers (32-bit only) mw - memory write (fill) nm - memory modify (constant address) nvme - NVM Express sub-system part - disk partition related commands pci - list and access PCI Configuration Space ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host printenv - print environment variables pxe - commands to get and boot from pxe files qfw - QEMU firmware interface reset - Perform RESET of the CPU run - run commands in an environment variable save - save file to a filesystem scsi - SCSI sub-system scsiboot - boot from SCSI device setcurs - set cursor position within screen setenv - set environment variables sf - SPI flash sub-system showvar - print local hushshell variables size - determine a file's size sleep - delay execution for some time source - run script from memory sspi - SPI utility command sysboot - command to get and boot from syslinux files test - minimal test like /bin/sh tftpboot - boot image via network using TFTP protocol time - run commands and summarize execution time true - do nothing, successfully usb - USB sub-system usbboot - boot from USB device version - print monitor, compiler and linker version virtio - virtio block devices sub-system zboot - Boot bzImage

FAQ

Error loading uncompressed kernel without PVH ELF Note​

-machine type=pc-i440fx-3.1