Linux 引导加载程序与分区 (Bootloader & Partitioning)

• Comparison of boot loaders - Wikipedia

• How To Boot A Linux Live USB Stick On Your Mac

• Mac OS X 需要 GUID 或 Apple File System 分区。

• Startup key combinations for Mac

• MBR vs EFI vs UEFI

• MBR vs GPT

• SYSLINUX Install

cat /proc/partitions
cat /proc/version
lsusb -t

ESP (EFI System Partition)

• ESP - EFI SYSTEM PARTITION - 一般为 FAT32 或 FAT 变种
• EFI system partition - Wikipedia
• BIOS boot partition - Wikipedia

Alpine Linux LVM & UEFI

• Setting up LVM on GPT-labeled disks - AlpineWiki
• Installing on GPT LVM - AlpineWiki

dd bs=440 conv=notrunc count=1 if=/usr/share/syslinux/gptmbr.bin of=/dev/sda

创建 UEFI 启动 USB (Create UEFI Boot USB)

• Create UEFI boot USB - AlpineWiki

DEVICE=/dev/sdb
parted --script $DEVICE mklabel gpt
parted --script --align=optimal $DEVICE mkpart ESP fat32 1MiB 200MiB
parted --script $DEVICE set 1 boot on

gdisk -l /dev/sdb

# mkfs.fat: warning - lowercase labels might not work properly with DOS or Windows
mkfs.vfat -n Alpine ${DEVICE}1
mount -t vfat ${DEVICE}1 /mnt

wget https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/alpine/v3.8/releases/x86_64/alpine-standard-3.8.0-x86_64.iso
cd /mnt && uniso < ~/alpine-standard-3.8.0-x86_64.iso

mkdir -p loader/entries

cat << CONF > loader/loader.conf
default alpine
timeout 4
CONF

# boot/syslinux/syslinux.cfg
cat << CONF > loader/entries/alpine.conf
title    AlpineLinux-Vanilla
linux    /boot/vmlinuz-vanilla
initrd   /boot/initramfs-vanilla
options  modules=loop,squashfs,sd-mod,usb-storage quiet nomodeset
CONF

cd ~ && umount /mnt

Partitioning Status

• MBR: protective
• BSD: not present
• APM: not present
• GPT: present

OVMF & QEMU

• OVMF "is a project to enable UEFI support for Virtual Machines".
• OVMF - KVM
• Using UEFI with QEMU - Fedora
• AArch64/Install with QEMU - Fedora
• UEFI/OVMF - Ubuntu Wiki
• tianocore/edk2

QEMU:

• -L path: set the directory for the BIOS, VGA BIOS and keymaps

Parted & GPT

• Unrecognised disc label when using parted with qemu images

Parted commands:

mklabel msdos

unit MiB
mklabel gpt
mkpart 1 1 256
name 1 boot
set 1 legacy_boot on
mkpart 2 256 100%
set 2 lvm on

partprobe

Use sgdisk and parted:

# 转换为 GPT
parted -s /dev/sdb 'mklabel gpt'
# 编辑 GPT 分区
gdisk /dev/sdb
# 脚本操作 http://www.rodsbooks.com/gdisk/sgdisk-walkthrough.html
# -p 查看分区 -o 清除分区表 -g 转换 MBR 为 GPT -n 删除分区 -n 添加分区 -c 更改分区名
# -t 分区类型 -v 校验 -Z 清除分区数据,当需要从新分区的时候使用
sgdisk -og /dev/sdb

参考资料 (References)

• Unified Extensible Firmware Interface - Wikipedia
• EFI system partition: Linux - Wikipedia
• Windows To Go - Wikipedia
• syslinux: UEFI Systems - ArchWiki
• What is the difference between GRUB and Syslinux? - Ask Ubuntu
• Unified Extensible Firmware Interface - ArchWiki
• Das U-Boot - Wikipedia

Bootloader Features

Feature	SYSLINUX	Das U-Boot	GRUB 2
Platforms	x86 (PC)	PPC, ARM, MIPS, x86, etc.	x86, ARM, PowerPC, MIPS, SPARC
Filesystems	ext2/3/4, btrfs, FAT16/32, NTFS, iso9660	FAT, ext2/3/4, jffs2, ubifs, nfs	ext2/3/4, btrfs, zfs, xfs, FAT, NTFS, iso9660
OS Support	GNU/Linux	Linux, BSD, RTOS, Solaris, etc.	Linux, BSD, Solaris, Multiboot
Network	TFTP	TFTP, NFS	?