Python

• Which is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own?Linkwww.quora.com/Which-is-the-best-book-for-learning-python-for-absolute-beginners-on-their-ownWhich is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own? · Think Python · Dive Into Python · Learn Python the Hard Way笔记：Python
• Think PythonLinkgreenteapress.com/wp/think-pythonWhich is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own? · Think Python · Dive Into Python · Learn Python the Hard Way笔记：Python
• Dive Into PythonLinkwww.diveintopython.netWhich is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own? · Think Python · Dive Into Python · Learn Python the Hard Way笔记：Python
• Learn Python the Hard WayLinklearnpythonthehardway.org/bookWhich is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own? · Think Python · Dive Into Python · Learn Python the Hard Way笔记：Python
• PyPy
  • Highly performant implementation of Python 2 in Python
  • Python in Python2 with JIT
• AnacondaGitHubconda/condaconda/conda · BSD-3, Python · Miniconda - 只有 conda 和 Python 的 Anaconda 最小发行版 · Anaconda 包含了非常多的基础包，开箱即用 · https://docs.anaconda.com/free/miniconda/笔记：conda
  • Package, dependency and environment management for any language—Python, R, Ruby, Lua, Scala, Java, JavaScript, C/ C++, FORTRAN, and more.
• The Python Standard LibraryLinkdocs.python.org/3/libraryWhich is the best book for learning python for absolute beginners on their own? · Think Python · Dive Into Python · Learn Python the Hard Way笔记：Python

# venv
python3 -m venv .venv
# VIRTUAL_ENV_PROMPT 增加在 PS1 的内容
source .venv/bin/activate

# 确保安装 pip
python -m ensurepip

python3 -m venv <MYVENV>
python -m virtualenv

brew install pyenv

# poetry
python3 -m venv ~/.venvs/poetry
~/.venvs/poetry/bin/pip install poetry
alias poetry=~/.venvs/poetry/bin/poetry

mkdir useful
cd useful
python3 -m venv build/useful
source build/useful/bin/activate

词汇

• setup.py
  • 使用代码来描述发布（distribution）
  • 区别于包，一个 distribution 可以包含 0 或多个包，但一般都是保持 1-1-1 关系：1 个发布，1 个包，1 个名字
  • 一般以引入 setuptools 和 distutils 开始
• __init__.py
  • py2 认为包含这文件的就是包/模块
• __main__.py
  • 入口
• distutils
  • 内建模块，不推荐使用，很久未维护
• setuptools
  • 非内建模块，但一般虚拟环境都有
  • 最小化代码

import setuptools
setuptools.setup(
    name='my_special_package',
    packages=setuptools.find_packages(),
)

• tox
  • 管理虚拟环境
  • 主要用于测试和构建
• DevPI
  • PyPI 兼容的本地开发服务

pip install devpi-server
devpi-server --start --init

# 指定用户、安装包
pip install devpi-client twine
devpi use http://localhost:3141
devpi user -c testuser password=123
devpi login testuser --password=123
devpi index -c dev bases=root/pypi
devpi use testuser/dev
twine upload --repository http://localhost:3141/testuser/dev \
  -u testuser -p 123 my-package-18.6.0.tar.gz
pip install -i http://localhost:3141/testuser/dev my-package

Packagesdevpi-serverPyPI Packagedevpi-serverPyPIdevpi-clientPyPI Packagedevpi-clientPyPItwinePyPI PackagetwinePyPImy-packagePyPI Packagemy-packagePyPI

• pex
  • Python 转可执行文件
• shiv
  • 类似于 pex，但更简单，直接使用 pip
• xar - eXecutable ARchive
  • 设计于打包自包含可的可执文件，以 py 为主

python setup.py bdist_xar --console-scripts=my-script

entry_points=dict(
   console_scripts=["my-script = package.module:function"],
)

• pyproject.toml
  • poetry
• flit