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Lua

caution
  • 不能直接为 Table 添加额外方法, 因为每个 Table 都有自己的 Metadata
-- 自定义加载目录
package.path = package.path .. ';/data/lua/?.lua'
T = require("t")

-- dotfile 可以直接使用绝对路径
dofile("/data/lua/my")

语法

-- 类
Dog = {}

function Dog:new()
local newObj = {sound = 'woof'}
self.__index = self
return setmetatable(newObj, self)
end

function Dog:makeSound()
print('I say ' .. self.sound)
end
-- : 等同于
function Dog.makeSound(self)
print('I say ' .. self.sound)
end

-- 继承
LoudDog = Dog:new()

-- 可选
function LoudDog:new()
local newObj = {}
-- 初始化 newObj
self.__index = self
return setmetatable(newObj, self)
end
function LoudDog:makeSound()
local s = self.sound .. ' '
print(s .. s .. s)
end

-- mod.lua
local M = {}
function M.func()
return true
end
return M

-- 依赖模块
-- require 会缓存
-- dofile 不会缓存
-- loadfile 不执行,返回函数 - 类似于 loadstring
local mod = require('mod')
-- 等价于
local mod = (function ()
-- mod.lua 内容
local M = {}
function M.func()
return true
end
return M
end)()

metatable

  • 元表 - 操作重载
methoddemo
__add(a, b)a + b
__sub(a, b)a - b
__mul(a, b)a * b
__div(a, b)a / b
__mod(a, b)a % b
__pow(a, b)a ^ b
__unm(a)-a
__concat(a, b)a .. b
__len(a)#a
__eq(a, b)a == b
__lt(a, b)a < b
__le(a, b)a <= b
__index(a, b)a.bfn(tbl,key) or a table
__newindex(a, b, c)a.b = c
__call(a, ...)a(...)
__gc
__close
__mode
__name

Helper

---------------------------------------------
---- Lua Table Helper
---------------------------------------------
local table_meta = { __index = table }
function T(t)
-- returns the table passed as parameter or a new table
-- with custom metatable already set to resolve methods in `table`
return setmetatable(t or {}, table_meta)
end

table.T = T

function table.filter(tab, f)
if type(f) ~= 'function' then
local _v = f
f = function(v, i) return v == _v end
end

local t = T {}
for k, v in pairs(tab) do
if not f(v) then
t[#t + 1] = v
end
end
return t
end

function table.map(tab, fn)
for k, v in pairs(tab) do
tab[k] = fn(v, k)
end
return tab
end

function string:split(sep)
local sep, fields = sep or ",", T {}
local pattern = string.format("([^%s]+)", sep)
self:gsub(pattern, function(c) fields[#fields + 1] = c end)
return fields
end

return T