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Bazel

When to use Bazel
  • 声明式构建
  • 增量编译
  • Remote Cache 和 Remote Execution
  • Reproduce 构建
  • 多语言多平台复杂构建
  • 大多时候不需要使用 Bazel
caution
When not to use Bazel
  • 所有被依赖的内容都会进行明确定义 - 目录下包含 BUILD.bazel
  • 依赖变化需要重新生成各种 BUILD.bazel
    • 是一种开发负担 - 因此规模不大时不建议使用 Bazel
  • Bazel 会维护自己的缓存
    • 不会使用 go 的全局缓存
    • 不会使用 npm/yarn 的全局缓存
    • 好处: Remote 执行, 跨主机共享
    • 坏处: 磁盘空间, 网络环境
  • Bazel 会维护自己的工具链
    • 每个 WORKSPACE 都会下载 toolchain - 例如 go,node
    • 好处: 确保环境版本
    • 坏处: 占用磁盘空间, 国内环境下载可能有问题
  • Bazel 运行环境复杂 - 如果需要分发给其他人编辑构建的场景不建议使用
    • JDK, Python, coreutils
  • Bazel 启动和分析需要时间 - 如果现行构建时间 < 10m 时不建议使用
warning
  • Bazel 官方构建的不支持 musl
brew install bazel

# 构建
bazel build //:ProjectRunner
# 查看依赖图
bazel query  --nohost_deps --noimplicit_deps "deps(//:ProjectRunner)" --output graph | dot -Tpng -o graph.png
imgcat graph.png

# 停止后台服务
bazel shutdown

# Build all
bazel build //...

Starlark​

https://docs.bazel.build/versions/master/skylark/language.html

Notes​

  • workspace - 工作空间
    • WORKSPACE, WORKSPACE.bazel 所在目录
  • repository - 仓库
    • @ - root repository - WORKSPACE 所在目录
    • 可定义外部仓库 - external
      • bind, local_repository, new_local_repository
  • package
    • BUILD 所在目录
  • target
    • =files+rules
    • files 分为源文件和生成文件
    • package_group
  • label - 标签
    • target 的名字叫做 label - label 唯一标识 target
    • @myrepo//my/app/main:app_binary
      • @myrepo// - 仓库名字
        • 在 repo 内可忽略，写作 //my/app/main:app_binary
      • my/app/main - un-qualified package name - 包名
        • +repo=fully-qualified package name
        • 在包内可忽略，写作 :app_binary 或 app_binary
      • app_binary - un-qualified target name
        • 如果名字与最后部分名字相同，可忽略
          • //my/app/lib:lib = //my/app/lib
  • .bzl - extension
  • be - Bazel BUILD Encyclopedia

Remote Execution​

Remote Caching​

docker run --rm -it \
  -u 1000 \
  -v $PWD/cache:/data -p 8080:8080 -p 9092:9092 \
  --name bazel-remote-cache buchgr/bazel-remote-cache
curl http://localhost:8080/status

bazel build //src/main:app --remote_cache=http://localhost:9092
# remote asset
bazel build //src/main:app --experimental_remote_downloader=grpc://localhost:9092 --remote_cache=grpc://localhost:9092
remote asset is broken
  • not works with go-sdk #13206
build:cache --remote_download_minimal
build:cache --remote_cache=http://localhost:8080

The remote downloader can only be used in combination with gRPC caching​

# from
bazel build //src/main:app --experimental_remote_downloader=grpc://localhost:9090 --remote_cache=http://localhost:9090
# to
bazel build //src/main:app --experimental_remote_downloader=grpc://localhost:9090 --remote_cache=grpc://localhost:9090

Failed to query remote execution capabilities: INTERNAL: http2 exception​

.bazelrc​

  • .bazelignore
caution
  • system
    • /etc/bazel.bazelrc
    • %ProgramData%\bazel.bazelrc
    • BAZEL_SYSTEM_BAZELRC_PATH
    • --nosystem_rc
  • workspace
    • .bazelrc
    • --noworkspace_rc
    • $workspace/tools/bazel.rc
    • --nomaster_bazelrc
  • home
    • $HOME/.bazelrc
    • %USERPROFILE%\.bazelrc, %HOME%/.bazelrc
    • --nohome_rc
  • --bazelrc
  • https://github.com/tensorflow/tensorflow/blob/master/.bazelrc
  • 变量
    • %workspace%
build --announce_rc
build --copt -O0
build --disk_cache=/tmp/bazel-disk-cache
# Set convenient location for Bazel files to cache
startup --output_user_root=/tmp/bazel-cache/output-root

build --verbose_failures=true
# Profile build
build --profile=/tmp/bazel.profile.json

# JVM 限制
# startup --host_jvm_args=-Xmx3g --host_jvm_args=-Xms2g


try-import %workspace%/.bazelrc.user

# Include git version info
build --stamp
build --workspace_status_command 'echo STABLE_GIT_COMMIT $(git rev-parse HEAD)'
# https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazelisk/blob/master/stamp.sh
build:release -c opt --stamp --workspace_status_command="$PWD/stamp.sh"
# Running bazel inside a `docker build` command causes trouble, cf:
#   https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/134
# The easiest solution is to set up a bazelrc file forcing --batch.
startup --batch

# Similarly, we need to workaround sandboxing issues:
#   https://github.com/bazelbuild/bazel/issues/418
build  --verbose_failures --spawn_strategy=standalone --strategy=Genrule=standalone
test --spawn_strategy=standalone

# Force bazel output to use colors (good for jenkins) and print useful errors.
common --color=yes

# Configure tests - increase timeout, print errors and timeout warnings
test --verbose_failures --test_output=errors --test_verbose_timeout_warnings

Notes​

query​

bazel query //...

bazel query set(BUILD, some-dir/BUILD)
bazel query rdeps(//..., set(//:all //some-dir:all))
bazel query rdeps(//..., set(some-file.java, some-file.sh))

bazel query rebuildfiles(some-ext.bzl, some-dir/another-ext.bzl)

bazel query kind("*_test", <sub query>)
bazel query kind("artifact_ci_release", <sub query>)

bazel query "allpaths(//foo, third_party/...)" --notool_deps --output graph | dot -Tsvg > /tmp/deps.svg

bzlmod​

FAQ

BUILD vs BUILD.bazel​

Fetching @local_config_xcode​

from google​

googleos
blazebazel
spongebru, BuildBuddy
tapBuildKite, CircleCI
forgeBuildFarm, BuildBarn
cider

output​

  • macOS /private/var/tmp
  • Linux ~/.cache/bazel
  • https://docs.bazel.build/versions/main/output_directories.html
  • out/
    • _bazel_$USER - outputUserRoot - --output_user_root
      • install/ - installBase
        • $MD5(installation manifest)
          • _embedded_binaries/
          • builtins_bzl/
          • platforms/
      • $MD5(workspace path) - outputBase - --output_base
        • command.log
        • java.log
        • action_cache/
        • action_outs/
        • external/
          • go_sdk/ - 缓存的 Go SDK
          • bazel_gazelle_go_repository_cache/ - 缓存的 Go 仓库
          • org_golang_google_genproto/
          • remotejdk11_macos/
          • remote_java_tools_darwin/
          • com_google_protobuf/
        • server/
          • jvm.out
        • execroot/
          • __main__/ - $WORKSPACE
            • bazel-out/ - outputPath
              • stable-status.txt
              • volatile-status.txt
              • darwin-fastbuild/
                • bin/ - $(BINDIR)
              • host/ - BuildConfiguration
            • external
            • $PACKAGES -> realpath
        • bazel-remote-logs/
        • bazel-workers/
        • install -> installBase
  • bazel-out
  • bazel-bin
  • bazel-testlogs
  • bazel-$WORKSPACE
  • TEST_TMPDIR=~/.cache/bazel
  • --output_user_root
  • project_dir = ctx.path(ctx.attr.file_in_project).dirname
    • __workspace_dir__
# all go_sdk - 每个 400MB
du -csh /private/var/tmp/_bazel_$USER/*/external/go_sdk

# outputPath & action_cache
bazel clean