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Asterisk 权威指南,第四版 - The Definitive Guide, 4th Edition

读书笔记

Ch1. 电话技术革命​

Ch2. 架构​

Ch3. 安装​

Ch4. 初始配置​

Ch5. 用户设备配置​

Ch6. 拨号计划基础​

Ch7. 外部连通性​

Ch8. 语音信箱​

  • app_voice mail.so
  • 特性
    • 不限的密码保护的语音信箱.
    • 不同的问候,忙音和无效状态
    • 不同的自定义问候语
    • 语音信箱和电话之间多对多关联
    • 邮件提醒并在附件中附上语音文件
    • 语音邮件转发和广播
    • 消息等待提示
  • voicemail.conf
  • 密码
    • mailbox context oldpass newpass
  • mailbox => password[,FirstName LastName[,email addr[,pager addr [,options[|options]]]]]
  • VoiceMail(mailbox1&[mailbox2[&...]],[options])
    • 特殊 DTMF 操作
      • 0 跳转到 o 扩展
      • * 跳转到 a 扩展
    • VMSTATUS
      • SUCCESS
      • USEREXIT
      • FAILED
    • options
      • b - 播放忙音
      • d( c ) - Accept digits for a new extension in context c, if played during the greeting. Context defaults to the current context.
        • c
      • g( # ) - Use the specified amount of gain when recording the voicemail message. The units are whole-number decibels (dB). Only works on supported technologies, which is DAHDI only.

      • s - 不播放任何提示音
      • u - 播放无效音(unavailable greeting)
      • U - 标记消息 URGENT.
      • P - 标记消息 PRIORITY.
  • VoiceMailMain([mailbox@[context]],[options])
    • 特殊 DTMF 操作
      • * 跳转到 a 扩展
    • options
      • p - Consider the mailbox parameter as a prefix to the mailbox that is entered by the caller.
      • g( # ) - Use the specified amount of gain when recording a voicemail message. The units are whole-number decibels (dB).

      • s - 不检测密码
      • a( folder ) - 跳过目录询问, 直接进入指定目录. 默认为 INBOX (0).
        • folder
          • 0 - 收件箱 - INBOX
          • 1 - 旧邮件 - Old
          • 2 - 工作 - Work
          • 3 - 家庭 - Family
          • 4 - 朋友 - Friends
          • 5 - 自定义 1 - Cust1
          • 6 - 自定义 2 - Cust2
          • 7 - 自定义 3 - Cust3
          • 8 - 自定义 4 - Cust4
          • 9 - 自定义 5 - Cust5
  • VoiceMailPlayMsg([mailbox@[context]],msg_id)
    • VOICEMAIL_PLAYBACKSTATUS
      • SUCCESS
      • FAILED

extensions.conf

; 根据状态不同进行不同的提示
exten => 101,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Dial(${JOHN},10)
  same => n,GotoIf($["${DIALSTATUS}" = "BUSY"]?busy:unavail) same => n(unavail),VoiceMail(101@default,u)
  same => n,Hangup()
  same => n(busy),VoiceMail(101@default,b)
  same => n,Hangup()

; 进入语言信箱
exten => *98,1,NoOp(Access voicemail retrieval.)
  same => n,VoiceMailMain()

Ch9. 国际化​

Ch10. 深入拨号计划​

MeetMe​

  • 创建密码保护的会议
  • 会议管理
    • 静音
    • 锁定
    • 踢出参与者
  • 可以选择只允许单人发话
  • 静态或动态的会议创建
  • 需要 DAHDI 支持

meetme.conf

[rooms]
conf => 600

extensions.conf

[LocalConf]
; 54321 为密码
exten => 600,1,MeetMe(600,i,54321)

; MeetMeCount(room[, var])
; 获取会议人数, 并指定到变量, 如果不指定则会报给对方
exten => 601,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Playback(conf-thereare)
  same => n,MeetMeCount(600)
  same => n,Playback(conf-peopleinconf)

; 限制最多 10 人参与会议
exten => 602,1,NoOp()
  same => n,MeetMeCount(600,CONFCOUNT)
  same => n,GotoIf($[${CONFCOUNT} <= 10]?meetme:conf_full,1)
  same => n(meetme),MeetMe(600,i,54321)
exten => conf_full,1,Playback(conf-full)

ConfBridge​

  • Asterisk 10+
  • 用来替代 MeetMe 的应用
  • 新特性
    • 高清音频, 8kHz - 96kHz
    • 视频
    • 动态控制菜单
    • 额外的配置文件 confbridge.conf

confbridge.conf

[general]
[default_user]
type=user

[default_bridge]
type=bridge

extensions.conf

; ConfBridge(conference,[bridge_profile:default_bridge,[user_profile:default_user,[menu]]])
; https://wiki.asterisk.org/wiki/display/AST/Asterisk+14+Application_ConfBridge
[ConferenceRooms]
exten => 602,1,NoOp()
  same => n,ConfBridge(${EXTEN})
[LocalSets]
include => ConferenceRooms
asterisk -rx "module load app_confbridge.so"

Ch11. Parking, Paging, and Conferencing​

  • Parking 呼叫保留, Paging 寻呼
  • features.conf
    • general
    • featuremap
    • applicationmap
  • 重载配置 features reload
  • 重载 ConfBridge module reload app_confbridge.so
  • Asterisk 11+ 后可以使用 FEATURE 和 FEATUREMAP 函数动态创建特性映射(Feature-Map).
    • FEATURE(option_name)
      • option_name
        • atxfer Attended transfer
        • blindxfer Blind transfer
        • automon Auto Monitor() (call recording)
        • disconnect Call disconnect
        • parkcall Call parking
        • automixmon Auto MixMonitor() (call recording)
      • 修改超时 Set(FEATURE(parkingtime)=60)
    • FEATUREMAP(feature_name)
      • feature_name
        • atxfer - Attended Transfer
        • blindxfer - Blind Transfer
        • automon - Auto Monitor
        • disconnect - Call Disconnect
        • parkcall - Park Call
        • automixmon - Auto MixMonitor
      • 设置或获取特定通道的特性映射
      • Verbose(2,Current DTMF for atxfer: ${FEATUREMAP(atxfer)})
      • Set(FEATUREMAP(atxfer)=*9)
    • Set(__DYNAMIC_FEATURES=shifteight) 使用自定义的特性组
  • Page(Technology/Resource&[Technology2/Resource2[&...]],[options,[timeout]])
  • Read(variable,filename&[filename2[&...]],[maxdigits,[options,[attempts,[timeout]]]]])
    • 读取 # 结尾的数字
    • READSTATUS - 读取状态
      • OK
      • ERROR
      • HANGUP
      • INTERRUPTED
      • SKIPPED
      • TIMEOUT
    • maxdigits
      • 最大长度,默认 0, 不限, 等待用户输入 #, 最长 255
    • options
      • s - 如果线路中断则立即返回
      • i - 将文件名作为 indications.conf 中定义的提示音进行播放
      • n - 即便是线路状态中断也读取
    • attempts
      • 尝试次数, 默认 0
    • timeout
      • 超时时间, 秒, 如果设置了则会覆盖默认值,可以为浮点数
  • Originate(tech_data,type,arg1,[arg2,[arg3,[timeout]]])
    • 外部呼叫,并关联到指定的扩展或应用.会阻塞直到接通或失败.该应用会返回并继续处理.
    • ORIGINATE_STATUS - 返回状态
      • FAILED
      • SUCCESS
      • BUSY
      • CONGESTION
      • HANGUP
      • RINGING
      • UNKNOWN - 正常情况下是不会出现该值的,如果出现了请前去提 BUG
  • ConfBridge
    • 支持视频,但 Asterisk 不支持视频转码,需要所有人都使用同样的编码
    • 不支持视频广播,在同一时间只能显示一个视频源
    • 在 sip.conf 中配置 videosupport=yes
    • 在 confbridg.conf bridge 中配置 video_mode
      • none
      • follow_talker - 会将视频源切换为说话的人
      • last_marked
      • first_marked
    • sip show peer 0F1 可查看对视频的支持状态和支持的编码
    • https://jitsi.org/
    • 推荐使用 H.264/H.263 编码

overhead paging system (PA system, or Tannoy, for our UK readers) paging system (more formally known as a public address system) https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_address_system

extensions.conf

; 启用在 applicationmap 中定义的特性
exten => 101,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Set(__DYNAMIC_FEATURES=agi_test)
  same => n,Dial(SIP/0000FFFF0002)

; 等待标记的用户进入会议
[ConferenceRooms]
; 一般参与者
exten => 602,1,NoOp()
    same => n,Set(CONFBRIDGE(user,wait_marked)=yes)
    same => n,Set(CONFBRIDGE(user,end_marked)=yes)
    same => n,Goto(conference,1)
; 标记的参与值,需要密码
exten => 603,1,NoOp()
    same => n,Set(CONFBRIDGE(user,marked)=yes)
    same => n,Set(CONFBRIDGE(user,pin)=1200)
    same => n,Goto(conference,1)
; 所有人都使用同样的桥接
exten => conference,1,NoOp()
    same => n,ConfBridge(primary)


[ConferenceRooms]
; 一般参与者
exten => 602,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Goto(conference,1)
exten => conference,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Set(thisBridge=primary)
  same => n,ConfBridge(${thisBridge},,,volume_ctrl_menu)
; 由菜单执行
exten => conference_joiner,1,NoOp()
  same => n,Read(numberToDial,vm-enter-num-to-call)
  same => n,Originate(SIP/my_itsp/${numberToDial},exten,ConferenceRooms,602,1)

confbridge.conf

[volume_ctrl_menu]
type=menu
*5=toggle_mute
1=increase_listening_volume 4=decrease_listening_volume
7=reset_listening_volume
3=increase_talking_volume
6=decrease_talking_volume
9=reset_talking_volume
; 特殊的菜单功能
0=dialplan_exec(ConferenceRooms,conference_joiner,1)

Ch12. 网络通话路由​

Ch13. 自动呼叫分发队列 - ACD Queue​

  • ACD: Automatic Call Distribution

  • member & agent

    • Asterisk 中的 member 是指能够进行拨号的通道.例如 SIP/0F1
    • agent 一般也指用来拨号的通道,但现在 agent 通道现在已经不再使用了.因此不建议使用 chan_agent.
    • agent 可用来特指接线员.

  • queues.conf

  • AddQueueMember()

  • RemoveQueueMember()

  • PauseQueueMember()

  • UnpauseQueueMember()

# 重载配置
module reload app_queue.so
queue show
# W: Queue weight
# C: Number of calls presented to this queue
# A: Number of calls that have been answered by a member SL: Service level
# 成员管理
# queue add member <channel> to <queue> [[[penalty <penalty>] as <membername>] state_interface <interface>]
queue add member SIP/0F1 to support
queue show support
queue remove member SIP/0F1 from support

queue pause member SIP/0F1 queue support reason DoingCallbacks
queue unpause member SIP/0F1 queue support reason off-break


extensions.conf

[Queues]
exten => 7001,1,Verbose(2,${CALLERID(all)} entering the support queue)
  same => n,Queue(support)
  same => n,Hangup()
exten => 7002,1,Verbose(2,${CALLERID(all)} entering the sales queue)
  same => n,Queue(sales)
  same => n,Hangup()

[LocalSets]
include => Queues      ; allow phones to call queues

Ch14. 设备状态​

虚拟设备描述
MeetMe:<conference bridge>
SLA:<shared line>
Custom:<custom name>
Park:<exten@context>
Calendar:<calendar name>

Ch15. 自动出席​

Ch16. 关系型数据库集成​

Ch17. 交互语言响应 - IVR​

Ch18. 外部服务​

Ch19. 传真​

Ch20. 管理接口 - AMI​

Ch21. 网关接口 - AGI​

Ch22. 集群​

Ch23. 分布式全球号码发现 - DUNDi​

  • Distributed Universal Number Discovery (DUNDi)
  • DUNDi

Ch24. 系统监控和日志​

Ch25. Web 接口​

Ch26. 安全​

Ch27. 未来展望​

Apd.A 理解电话技术​

Apd.B VoIP 中的协议​

Apd.C 系统准备​